HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 1Shloka 191
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Shloka 191

अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायः (Anukramaṇikā Adhyāya) — Invocation, Narrator Frame, and Textual Scope

यदाभिमन्युं परिवार्य बालं सर्वे हत्वा हृष्टरूपा बभूवु: । महारथा: पार्थमशवनुवन्त- स्‍्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,संजय! मेरे बड़े-बड़े महारथी वीरवर अर्जुनके सामने तो टिक न सके और सबने मिलकर बालक अभिमन्युको घेर लिया और उसको मारकर हर्षित होने लगे, जब यह बात मुझतक पहुँची, तभीसे मैंने विजयकी आशा त्याग दी

yadābhimanyuṃ parivārya bālaṃ sarve hatvā hṛṣṭarūpā babhūvuḥ | mahārathāḥ pārtham aśaknuvantaḥ tadā nāśaṃse vijayāya, saṃjaya ||

ครั้นพวกเขาล้อมกุมารอภิมันยุ แล้วร่วมกันสังหารเสีย ก็พากันยินดีลิงโลด—เหล่ามหารถะเหล่านั้นมิอาจต้านทานปารถะ (อรชุน) ได้ จึงหันไปล้อมโจมตีเยาวชนแทน; เมื่อข่าวนี้มาถึงเรา โอสัญชัย ตั้งแต่นั้นเราก็ละทิ้งความหวังในชัยชนะสิ้นเชิง

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
अभिमन्युम्Abhimanyu (as object)
अभिमन्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमन्यु
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (वृणोति/वर्तते)
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), having surrounded
बालम्the boy/young one
बालम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
सर्वेall (of them)
सर्वे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√हन्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा), having slain
हृष्ट-रूपाःwith delighted appearance / delighted-looking
हृष्ट-रूपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहृष्ट + रूप
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
बभूवुःbecame / were
बभूवुः:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
Formperfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural
महा-रथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महा-रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + रथ
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
पार्थम्Partha (Arjuna) (as object)
पार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अशकन्were able
अशकन्:
TypeVerb
Root√शक्
Formimperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, plural
अनुवन्तःfollowing/pursuing (reading uncertain)
अनुवन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√वन् (वने/वनोति) / (पाठभेदः: अन्वयन्तः from अनु-√इ)
Formpresent active participle, masculine nominative plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtemporal adverb
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
आशंसेI hope / I expect
आशंसे:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√शंस्
Formpresent (लट्), 1st person, singular, middle (आत्मनेपद)
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
Formmasculine, dative, singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
A
Abhimanyu
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
S
Saṃjaya
M
Mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)

Educational Q&A

Victory pursued through unethical means—such as many warriors ganging up on a lone, youthful opponent—may bring momentary elation but signals moral defeat; such adharma undermines confidence in ultimate success and foreshadows ruin.

The speaker reports that the great warriors, unable to withstand Arjuna, encircled the young Abhimanyu and killed him together; upon hearing this, he tells Saṃjaya that he gave up hope of victory.