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Shloka 12

Īśvara-gītā: Brahman as All-Pervading—Kāla, Prakṛti–Puruṣa, Tattva-Evolution, and Mokṣa

आद्यो विकारः प्रकृतेर्महानात्मेति कथ्यते / विज्ञानशक्तिर्विज्ञाता ह्यहङ्कारस्तदुत्थितः

ādyo vikāraḥ prakṛtermahānātmeti kathyate / vijñānaśaktirvijñātā hyahaṅkārastadutthitaḥ

การแปรแรกของปรกฤติเรียกว่า ‘มหาน’ (มหานาตมัน) เป็นพลังแห่งวิญญาณญาณและหลักผู้รู้; จากนั้นจึงเกิดอหังการ ความรู้สึกว่า ‘เรา’.

आद्यःfirst/primary
आद्यः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; adjective qualifying विकारः
विकारःmodification/evolute
विकारः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविकार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine
प्रकृतेःof Prakṛti
प्रकृतेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive singular
महान्Mahat (the Great principle)
महान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine (Mahat)
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरणार्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
कथ्यतेis called/said
कथ्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कथ् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), 3rd person singular
विज्ञान-शक्तिःpower of cognition
विज्ञान-शक्तिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + शक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (विज्ञानस्य शक्तिः)
विज्ञाताknower
विज्ञाता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Root√ज्ञा (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (तृच्/तारक: कर्तृवाचक), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; agent noun
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
अहङ्कारःego-principle (ahaṅkāra)
अहङ्कारः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअहङ्कार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine
तत्-उत्थितःarisen from that
तत्-उत्थितः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम) + उत्थित (प्रातिपदिक/क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (तस्मात् उत्थितः), कृदन्त (क्त) used adjectivally

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing on tattva-vicāra in a Sāṅkhya-Yoga framework

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

P
Prakṛti
M
Mahat (Mahān)
Ā
Ātman (as a tattva-name)
A
Ahaṅkāra

FAQs

Here ‘Ātman’ is used as a name for Mahat—the first evolute of Prakṛti—described as the discerning, knowing principle; it is not yet the transcendent Puruṣa, but the cosmic intelligence that enables cognition.

The verse points to vijñāna (discriminative knowledge) as foundational: Yoga begins by discerning Mahat (buddhi) and tracing the rise of ahaṅkāra, so the practitioner can dis-identify from the ‘I’-sense and stabilize clarity (viveka) in meditation.

By teaching a shared Sāṅkhya-Yoga ontology (Mahat → ahaṅkāra) as divine instruction, the Purāṇa frames both Vaiṣṇava and Śaiva paths as compatible in method—knowledge of tattvas and ego-transcendence—supporting its non-sectarian synthesis.