Shloka 51

Īśvara-gītā (Adhyāya 2) — Ātma-svarūpa, Māyā, and the Unity of Sāṅkhya–Yoga

Devanagari script

नाहं प्रशास्ता सर्वस्य मायातीतः स्वभावतः / प्रेरयामि तथापीदं कारणं सूरयो विदुः

Transliteration

nāhaṃ praśāstā sarvasya māyātītaḥ svabhāvataḥ / prerayāmi tathāpīdaṃ kāraṇaṃ sūrayo viduḥ

Translation

โดยสภาวะของเรา เราพ้นจากมายา มิใช่ผู้บังคับบัญชาครอบงำสรรพสิ่ง แต่กระนั้นเรายังเป็นผู้กระตุ้นให้กระแสโลกดำเนินไป—บัณฑิตรู้ว่านี่แลคือหลักเหตุปัจจัย

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• praśāstā: ruler/governor
• praśāstā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pra-śās (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (तृच्/agent noun) 'praśāstṛ' (ruler/governor) from शास् with प्र-; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• sarvasya: of all
• sarvasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; 'of all'

• māyā-atītaḥ: beyond māyā
• māyā-atītaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: māyā (प्रातिपदिक) + atīta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: 'māyām atītaḥ'); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; विशेषण (of aham)

• svabhāvataḥ: by nature
• svabhāvataḥ: Hetu/Adverbial (हेतु/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svabhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): 'by nature/from inherent nature'

• prerayāmi: I impel/activate
• prerayāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-īr (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; causative (णिच्) of ईर्/इर्: प्रेरयति (to impel)

• tathā: thus/so
• tathā: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: 'also/even')

• idam: this (world/process)
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• kāraṇam: cause
• kāraṇam: Karma/Predicate (कर्म/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन

• sūrayaḥ: the wise
• sūrayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन

• viduḥ: know
• viduḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vid (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; धातु: विद् (to know)

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) teaching in the Ishvara Gita context

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Maya
• Surayah (sages)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It presents the Supreme as māyātīta (beyond māyā) and not an egoic “controller,” while still being the ultimate causal ground that initiates manifestation.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse supports contemplations central to Pāśupata-oriented Yoga: discerning the Self beyond māyā, reducing ahamkāra (ego-agency), and meditating on the Lord as the inner cause rather than a worldly doer.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By stressing a transcendent, māyātīta Lord who is the causal ground without egoic rulership, it aligns with the Kurma Purana’s non-sectarian synthesis where the Supreme reality taught in Ishvara Gita is compatible with both Shaiva and Vaishnava theological language.