Shloka 57

Āśauca, Daśāha Piṇḍa-Rites, Vṛṣotsarga, Sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa, and the Yama-mārga

Path to Yama

Devanagari script

पात्रं प्रेतस्य तत्रैकं पित्र्यं पात्रत्रयं तथा / सेचयेत्पितृपात्रेषु प्रेतपात्रं खग त्रिषु

Transliteration

pātraṃ pretasya tatraikaṃ pitryaṃ pātratrayaṃ tathā / secayetpitṛpātreṣu pretapātraṃ khaga triṣu

Translation

ณ ที่นั้นพึงตั้งภาชนะหนึ่งสำหรับเปรต (ผู้ล่วงลับใหม่) และตั้งภาชนะสามใบสำหรับปิตฤ (บรรพชน) โอ้คคะ (ครุฑ)! พึงเทเครื่องบูชาจากภาชนะเปรตลงสู่ภาชนะปิตฤทั้งสามใบ

Word by Word

• पात्रम्: vessel; offering-cup
• पात्रम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• प्रेतस्य: of the departed (preta)
• प्रेतस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• एकम्: one
• एकम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• पित्र्यम्: ancestral; pertaining to the Pitṛs
• पित्र्यम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पित्र्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण

• पात्रत्रयम्: a set of three vessels
• पात्रत्रयम्: Karta/Karma (Subject or Object/कर्ता-कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पात्र + त्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; द्विगुसमास (numerical compound)

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक (conjunctive/adverb)

• सेचयेत्: should pour/sprinkle
• सेचयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सिच् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• पितृपात्रेषु: in the vessels for the Pitṛs
• पितृपात्रेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ + पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (pitṝṇāṃ pātrāṇi)

• प्रेतपात्रम्: the vessel for the preta
• प्रेतपात्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत + पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (pretasya pātram)

• खग: O bird (Garuda)
• खग: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• त्रिषु: in/among the three
• त्रिषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषण

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: At the sapīṇḍīkaraṇa stage following the preta period (as per the chapter’s sequence).

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual mediation: the preta’s separate entitlement is formally merged into the pitṛ entitlement through prescribed vessels and transfer.

Vedantic Theme: Ṛṇa (pitṛ-ṛṇa) and saṃskāra as dharma sustaining loka-saṅgraha; subtle-body transition is supported by right action (karma) under dharma.

Application: In sapīṇḍī/ekoddiṣṭa contexts, keep one preta-pātra and three pitṛ-pātras; pour from the preta vessel into the three pitṛ vessels as instructed, maintaining cleanliness, kuśa, and correct mantras.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ritual enclosure (śrāddha-vedī/kuśa-maṇḍala)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa 2.5 (sapīṇḍī/śrāddha procedure sequence); Garuda Purana sections describing ekoddiṣṭa → sapīṇḍī transition

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Pitris
• Preta

FAQs

What is the importance of separate vessels for the preta and the Pitṛs in the Garuda Purana?

The verse prescribes a clear ritual distinction: one vessel is assigned to the newly departed (preta) and three to the ancestors (Pitṛs), indicating ordered, role-specific offerings in post-death rites.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

By regulating offerings to the preta and the Pitṛs, it reflects the transitional status of the departed—moving from an immediate post-death condition toward ancestral integration through prescribed rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If performing śrāddha/tarpaṇa, follow a disciplined method with distinct, respectful offerings—maintaining clarity of intention and proper ritual sequencing as taught in the tradition.