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Shloka 53

Āśauca, Daśāha Piṇḍa-Rites, Vṛṣotsarga, Sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa, and the Yama-mārga

Path to Yama

Devanagari script

मासषण्मासवर्षेषु त्रिपक्षेषु भवन्ति हि / श्राद्धान्यथस्यात्सापिण्ड्यं पूर्णे वर्षे तदर्धके

Transliteration

māsaṣaṇmāsavarṣeṣu tripakṣeṣu bhavanti hi / śrāddhānyathasyātsāpiṇḍyaṃ pūrṇe varṣe tadardhake

Translation

พิธีศราทธะกระทำในวาระรายเดือน รายครึ่งปี รายปี และในช่วงทุก ๆ ตริปักษะ (สามปักษ์) ด้วย. จากนั้นจึงทำสาปิณฑีกรณะ—พิธีผนวกผู้ล่วงลับเข้าสู่สายบรรพชน—เมื่อครบหนึ่งปีเต็ม หรือเมื่อครบกึ่งหนึ่งของระยะนั้น.

Word by Word
मासषण्मासवर्षेषुin (the periods of) month, six-month, and year
मासषण्मासवर्षेषु:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक) + षण्मास (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; समासः—मास-षण्मास-वर्ष (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व)
त्रिपक्षेषुin the three fortnights
त्रिपक्षेषु:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि (प्रातिपदिक) + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (त्रयः पक्षाः)
भवन्तिoccur/are
भवन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
हिindeed
हि:
Particle (Nipāta/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic/causal particle)
श्राद्धानिśrāddha rites
श्राद्धानि:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
अथthen/now
अथ:
Discourse marker
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (sequencing particle: then/now)
स्यात्would be/should be
स्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
सापिण्ड्यम्sapinda-relationship/rite of sapindīkaraṇa (sapindya)
सापिण्ड्यम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक) + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + य (प्रत्यय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/प्रथमा or 2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; भाववाचक (state of being sapinda)
पूर्णेwhen completed; at full
पूर्णे:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक/पुं, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; विशेषण
वर्षेin a year
वर्षे:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन
तदर्धकेat its half (i.e., half-year)
तदर्धके:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + अर्धक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; समासः—तद्-अर्धक (तस्य अर्धके) = Genitive Tatpurusha
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Monthly, half-yearly, yearly, and at tri-fortnight intervals; sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa at completion of one year or at half-year.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha has a graduated schedule (monthly, half-yearly, yearly, and tri-fortnight); sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa joins the departed to the ancestral collective at one year or half-year.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa as social-metaphysical technology: rites stabilize transitions and affirm relational identity (jīva’s passage and pitṛ-sambandha) within dharma.

Application: Plan a rite calendar after a death: periodic śrāddhas culminating in sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa at 6 months or 1 year per tradition/family śākhā and circumstance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.5.52 (monthly observance); Garuda Purana 2.5.54-56 (12/13-day considerations; ekoddiṣṭa and vessels)

Characters & Entities
P
Pitris
P
Preta

FAQs

This verse frames sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa as the key transition after repeated śrāddhas, by which the departed is ritually integrated with the Pitṛs (ancestral lineage) through piṇḍa-offerings.

It implies a ritual timeline for the departed’s post-death state: periodic śrāddhas are performed first, and only afterward the sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa is done, marking movement from an individual preta-focused rite toward ancestral (Pitṛ) affiliation.

Maintain a consistent śrāddha observance (monthly/periodic) and consult family tradition and priestly guidance for performing sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa at six months or one year, treating it as a structured remembrance and duty (dharma) toward ancestors.

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