Shloka 19

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and Dāna as the Soul’s True Companion on the Path to Yama

Devanagari script

सारा हि लोकेषु भवेत्त्रिलोकी द्वीपेषु सर्वेषु च जम्बुकाख्यम् / देशेषु सर्वेष्वपि देवदेशः जीवेषु सर्वेषु मनुष्य एव

Transliteration

sārā hi lokeṣu bhavettrilokī dvīpeṣu sarveṣu ca jambukākhyam / deśeṣu sarveṣvapi devadeśaḥ jīveṣu sarveṣu manuṣya eva

Translation

ในบรรดาโลกทั้งปวง แก่นแท้คือไตรโลก; ในบรรดาทวีปทั้งหลาย ชมพูทวีปเป็นยอด. ในบรรดาแว่นแคว้นทั้งปวง เทวเทศเป็นสูงสุด; และในหมู่สรรพชีวิต มนุษย์เท่านั้นเป็นประธาน.

Word by Word

• सारा: the best/essence
• सारा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘best/essence’ (predicative adjective)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/अवधारण

• लोकेषु: among worlds
• लोकेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• भवेत्: would be/is considered
• भवेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• त्रिलोकी: the three worlds
• त्रिलोकी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि + लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः ‘त्रयः लोकाः’ → ‘त्रिलोकी’ (the three worlds)

• द्वीपेषु: among continents/islands
• द्वीपेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• सर्वेषु: in all
• सर्वेषु: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; ‘in all’ qualifying ‘द्वीपेषु’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• जम्बुकाख्यम्: called Jambuka
• जम्बुकाख्यम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जम्बुक + आख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘जम्बुकम् आख्या यस्य’/‘जम्बुक-आख्य’ = named Jambuka; predicative (refers to best among द्वीपाः)

• देशेषु: among regions
• देशेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• सर्वेषु: in all
• सर्वेषु: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; qualifies ‘देशेषु’

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle) ‘also/even’

• देवदेशः: the land of the gods
• देवदेशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव + देश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘देवानां देशः’ (land of the gods)

• जीवेषु: among living beings
• जीवेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• सर्वेषु: among all
• सर्वेषु: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; qualifies ‘जीवेषु’

• मनुष्यः: human (being)
• मनुष्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• एव: alone/indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Human birth in the prime realm is uniquely suited for purposeful striving (dharma/artha/kāma/mokṣa).

Vedantic Theme: Durlabha-mānuṣa-janma (rarity and value of human embodiment) as the gateway to self-knowledge and liberation.

Application: Treat human life as a scarce opportunity: prioritize ethical living, study, and devotion rather than mere consumption.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: continent/region

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa themes on the rarity of human birth and the urgency of dharma (general parallel within 2nd khaṇḍa)

Characters & Entities

• Triloki
• Jambudvipa
• Devadesha
• Manushya

FAQs

What is the importance of human birth in the Garuda Purana?

This verse ranks the human as foremost among beings, implying that human life is uniquely suited for dharma, right conduct, and liberation-oriented effort compared to other births.

How does this verse connect to afterlife teachings in the Preta Kanda?

Preta Kanda emphasizes consequences after death; by declaring human life pre-eminent, the text underlines that ethical choices and rites (dharma/karma) are most actionable in human embodiment, shaping the post-death journey.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat human life as a rare opportunity: practice dharma, avoid harmful actions, and prioritize spiritually beneficial duties (service, truthfulness, self-restraint, and remembrance of the divine).