Shloka 14
Determining Rites for Difficult/Inauspicious Deaths; Annual and Daily Śrāddha Rules
न ज्ञायते मृताहश्चेत् प्रस्थानदिनमेव च / मासश्चेत् स्यात् परिज्ञातस्तद्दर्शे स्यान्मृताहिकम्
na jñāyate mṛtāhaścet prasthānadinameva ca / māsaścet syāt parijñātastaddarśe syānmṛtāhikam
หากไม่ทราบวันตายแน่ชัด ให้ถือเอาวันออกเดินทาง/วันจากไป (ปรัสถานะ) เป็นวันมรณะ แต่ถ้าทราบเดือนแล้ว เมื่อถึงตถีนั้นปรากฏในเดือนนั้น พึงประกอบมฤตาหิกะ
Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)
Ritual Type: Ekoddishta
Beneficiary: Pitr
Timing: When death-day is unknown; use departure day; if month known, observe on the recurring tithi within that month
Concept: When exact death-day is unknown, adopt the known departure day; if month is known, perform on the corresponding lunar date within that month.
Vedantic Theme: Dharma as workable discipline—intent and correct proxy-rules preserve saṃskāra continuity.
Application: Use best-known temporal data: (1) if death-day unknown, use departure day; (2) if month known, observe on that month’s corresponding tithi (darśe—appearance/occurrence of that tithi).
Primary Rasa: shanta
Type: griha/ritual-space
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.45.15-16 (fallback rules when month/day unknown)
FAQs
This verse gives a practical dharma-rule: when the exact death-day cannot be determined, one may treat the known departure day as the operative death-day so the required rites are not neglected.
It says that if the month is known, the mṛtāhika should be done when the corresponding time-marker (commonly understood as the relevant lunar date/tithi’s occurrence within that month) appears, aligning observance with traditional calendrical reckoning.
If family records are incomplete, perform the death observance based on the best-known reference (departure day), or if the month is confirmed, schedule rites according to the appropriate lunar-calendar occurrence—so duties to the departed are fulfilled responsibly.