Shloka 36

Akālamṛtyu: Preta-state Categories and the Nārāyaṇa-bali / Ekoddiṣṭa Remedy

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मा विष्णुस्तथा रुद्रो यमः प्रेतश्च पञ्चमः / पृथक्कुम्भे ततः स्थाप्याः पञ्चरत्नसमन्विताः

Transliteration

brahmā viṣṇustathā rudro yamaḥ pretaśca pañcamaḥ / pṛthakkumbhe tataḥ sthāpyāḥ pañcaratnasamanvitāḥ

Translation

ต่อจากนั้น พึงอัญเชิญพระพรหม พระวิษณุ พระรุทระ พระยม และเปรตเป็นองค์ที่ห้า ตั้งแยกกันในหม้อพิธี (กุมภะ) ทั้งห้า โดยให้แต่ละกุมภะประกอบด้วยปัญจรัตนะ คือแก้วมณีห้าประการ.

Word by Word

• ब्रह्मा: Brahmā
• ब्रह्मा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• विष्णुः: Viṣṇu
• विष्णुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (also/likewise)

• रुद्रः: Rudra
• रुद्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• प्रेतः: Preta (spirit)
• प्रेतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पञ्चमः: the fifth
• पञ्चमः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (to प्रेतः)

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: भेदवाचक-अव्यय (separately)

• कुम्भे: in a pot
• कुम्भे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम/अपादानवाचक-अव्यय (then/from there)

• स्थाप्याः: should be placed
• स्थाप्याः: Vidheyavisheshana (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + यत् (प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्यय (gerundive/obligative), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• पञ्चरत्नसमन्विताः: endowed with five gems
• पञ्चरत्नसमन्विताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + रत्न (प्रातिपदिक) + समन्वित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (पञ्चरत्नैः समन्विताः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; विशेषण (to स्थाप्याः/देवताः implied)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: After directional placements and central setup; during kumbha-sthāpana phase

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Fivefold installation (pañca-sthāpana) and auspicious reinforcement (pañcaratna) to secure the rite’s efficacy and protection.

Vedantic Theme: Ritual completeness (pūrṇatā) as outer support for inner steadiness; harmonizing multiple cosmic functions around the departed.

Application: Install Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Rudra, Yama, and the Preta separately in five pots, each furnished with pañcaratna, as prescribed in the śrāddha setup.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: kumbha-sthapana arrangement within ritual space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.40.32 (metal correspondences); Garuda Purana 2.40.33-35 (directional placements; darbha-nara)

Characters & Entities

• Brahma
• Vishnu
• Rudra
• Yama
• Preta

FAQs

What is the importance of installing Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Yama, and the Preta in separate kumbhas in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents a ritual arrangement where cosmic authorities (Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Rudra) and the death-judge (Yama) are invoked alongside the departed (Preta), each in a distinct kumbha, to structure the rite and direct offerings/prayers appropriately.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

By explicitly including “Preta” among the invoked presences, the verse reflects the transitional post-death condition addressed by Preta Kanda rites—acknowledging the departed’s subtle status and placing it under divine and Yama’s governance through ritual invocation.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

For practitioners, it underscores doing post-death rites with clarity and reverence—separating intentions (divine invocation, ethical accountability under Yama, and care for the departed) and performing memorial/funeral observances in an orderly, tradition-aligned way with guidance from a qualified priest.