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Shloka 21

Vow-Fasting (Anaśana), Sannyāsa, Tīrtha-Death, and the Ethics of Dāna

Devanagari script

चान्द्रायणं चरेत् कृत्स्नमनुज्ञातश्च तैर्द्विजैः / अनृतं न वदेत् पश्चाद्धर्ममेव समाचरेत्

Transliteration

cāndrāyaṇaṃ caret kṛtsnamanujñātaśca tairdvijaiḥ / anṛtaṃ na vadet paścāddharmameva samācaret

Translation

เมื่อได้รับอนุญาตจากทวิชะ (พราหมณ์ผู้รู้) แล้ว พึงบำเพ็ญจันทรายณะปฺรายัศจิตตะให้ครบถ้วน ต่อจากนั้นอย่ากล่าวเท็จ และพึงประพฤติธรรมเท่านั้น

Word by Word
चान्द्रायणम्the Cāndrāyaṇa penance
चान्द्रायणम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootचान्द्रायण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चरेत्should perform/practice
चरेत्:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
कृत्स्नम्entire/complete
कृत्स्नम्:
विशेषण (Adjectival to कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘चान्द्रायणम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
अनुज्ञातःpermitted/authorized
अनुज्ञातः:
विशेषण (Adjectival to implied subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-√ज्ञा (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) — ‘having been permitted’
चand
च:
सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
तैःby them
तैः:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
द्विजैःby the twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजैः:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
अनृतम्falsehood/untruth
अनृतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
नnot
न:
सम्बन्ध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation particle)
वदेत्should speak
वदेत्:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Root√वद् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (afterwards)
धर्मम्righteousness/duty
धर्मम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
एवonly/indeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
समाचरेत्should practice/observe
समाचरेत्:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√चर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Prāyaścitta must be properly authorized and completed; thereafter satya (truth) and dharma must be firmly practiced.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi (purification of mind) as a prerequisite for higher realization; satya as a stabilizer of dharmic life.

Application: Undertake corrective disciplines with qualified guidance; adopt a strict commitment to truthfulness and consistent ethical conduct after atonement.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Dharma sections): prāyaścitta discussions; tīrtha and śuddhi themes in adjacent verses 2.36.22–25

Characters & Entities
D
Dvijas (twice-born Brahmins)

FAQs

This verse presents Cāndrāyaṇa as a complete expiatory discipline (prāyaścitta) to be undertaken properly—traditionally under the guidance/permission of qualified dvijas—followed by a firm commitment to truthful speech and dharmic conduct.

The Preta Kanda repeatedly links one’s post-death condition to accumulated pāpa and purification; here, expiation plus a change in conduct (truth and dharma) is indicated as a corrective path that helps prevent further karmic bondage that would otherwise bear fruit in Yama’s domain.

Seek competent guidance for any religious vow or expiation, and more importantly, adopt the lasting discipline this verse stresses: avoid falsehood and make daily choices aligned with dharma (integrity, responsibility, and ethical restraint).

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