Shloka 46

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

यत्र त्रिरात्रमाशौचं तत्रादौ त्रीन् प्रदापयेत् / चतुरस्तु द्वितीये ऽह्नि तृतीये त्रींश्तथैव च

Transliteration

yatra trirātramāśaucaṃ tatrādau trīn pradāpayet / caturastu dvitīye 'hni tṛtīye trīṃśtathaiva ca

Translation

ในที่ที่อาเศาจะมีสามราตรี พึงถวายปิณฑะสามก้อนเป็นเบื้องต้น วันที่สองถวายสี่ก้อน และวันที่สามพึงถวายสามสิบก้อนเช่นเดียวกัน.

Word by Word

• यत्र: where/when
• यत्र: Adhikarana (Context)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/प्रसङ्गवाचक अव्यय (where/when)

• त्रिरात्रम्: three-night period
• त्रिरात्रम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि + रात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; कालपरिमाणवाचक (three nights)

• आशौचम्: impurity
• आशौचम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आ-शौच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• तत्र: there/then
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Context)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/प्रसङ्गवाचक अव्यय (there/then)

• आदौ: at the beginning
• आदौ: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनरूपेण क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial locative: “at first/initially”)

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक (object-count)

• प्रदापयेत्: should offer/give
• प्रदापयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच् (causative) — ‘cause to be given/offer’

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक

• तु: but/then
• तु: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात (but/indeed)

• द्वितीये: on the second
• द्वितीये: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषण (अह्नि)

• अह्नि: day
• अह्नि: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• तृतीये: on the third
• तृतीये: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृतीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषण (अह्नि—अनुक्त)

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (thus/likewise)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक निपात (indeed/just)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात (and)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: For a three-night āśauca: day 1 offer 3; day 2 offer 4; day 3 offer 30 (as stated)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: When āśauca is three nights, offerings are prescribed in a specific day-wise count; dharma is expressed as exact procedural order (krama).

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa precision: right action in right sequence as a means of maintaining ṛta/dharma in transitional rites.

Application: Follow the day-by-day schedule appropriate to the household’s āśauca duration; keep a written checklist to avoid omissions in a stressful period.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: griha (household ritual space)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34: adjacent verses detailing daśāha and ekoddiṣṭa timing; Other Garuda Purana lists of day-wise piṇḍa counts in varying āśauca cases (within the same ritual section)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu
• Ashauca

FAQs

What is the importance of trirātra āśauca in the Garuda Purana?

This verse treats the three-night impurity period as a structured ritual window in which specific offerings (piṇḍas) are prescribed day-by-day to support correct post-death observance.

How does this verse explain what should be offered during the three-day impurity period?

It gives a day-wise count of offerings: three at the start (day one), four on day two, and thirty on day three, indicating a graduated ritual schedule within trirātra āśauca.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If following traditional śrāddha practice, consult a qualified priest/family tradition and use this as a textual basis for structuring day-wise offerings during a three-day āśauca period.