Shloka 78

An exposition on the fruits of charity and on entry into a body

Garbhotpatti, Piṇḍa-śarīra, and Antya-kāla-kriyā

Devanagari script

कामेर्ष्याक्रोधसम्बन्धाद्यौवने ऽपि च दुः सहम् / दुःस्वप्नं या वृद्धता च मरणे दुः खमुत्कटम्

Transliteration

kāmerṣyākrodhasambandhādyauvane 'pi ca duḥ saham / duḥsvapnaṃ yā vṛddhatā ca maraṇe duḥ khamutkaṭam

Translation

เพราะข้องเกี่ยวด้วยกาม ความริษยา และความโกรธ แม้ในวัยหนุ่มสาวทุกข์ก็ยากจะทนได้ มีฝันร้าย มีความชรา และเมื่อถึงคราวมรณะ ความเจ็บปวดก็ทวีรุนแรงยิ่งนัก

Word by Word

• काम: from desire
• काम: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन — ‘from desire’ (समासाङ्ग)

• ईर्ष्या: from envy
• ईर्ष्या: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईर्ष्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन — ‘from envy’ (समासाङ्ग)

• क्रोध: from anger
• क्रोध: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन — ‘from anger’ (समासाङ्ग)

• सम्बन्धात्: from association
• सम्बन्धात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन — ‘from association/connection’

• यौवने: in youth
• यौवने: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यौवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन — ‘in youth’

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle) — ‘even/also’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction) — ‘and’

• दुःसहम्: hard to endure
• दुःसहम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःसह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — ‘hard to bear’ (दुः + सह)

• दुःस्वप्नम्: nightmare
• दुःस्वप्नम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःस्वप्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — ‘bad dream/nightmare’ (दुः + स्वप्न)

• या: which/that
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — सम्बन्धसूचक ‘which/that’ (referring to vṛddhatā)

• वृद्धता: old age
• वृद्धता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — ‘old age’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction) — ‘and’

• मरणे: at death
• मरणे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन — ‘in death/at death’

• दुःखम्: pain
• दुःखम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — ‘sorrow/pain’

• उत्कटम्: intense
• उत्कटम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्कट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन — ‘intense/violent’ (qualifying duḥkham)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Samsarika duhkha arises from kleshas (desire, jealousy, anger) and culminates in death-suffering; recognition of pervasive duhkha is a spur to vairagya.

Vedantic Theme: Anityatva of deha and sukha; duhkha-darshana leading to vairagya and mumukshutva; bondage through raga-dvesha.

Application: Cultivate restraint over kama/krodha/irshya, practice japa and sattvika conduct, contemplate impermanence daily to strengthen detachment and spiritual urgency.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: descriptions of klesha-driven bondage and death-fear leading to moksha-iccha (nearby 2.32.80–81 context)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of controlling desire, jealousy, and anger in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links kama, irshya, and krodha with unavoidable suffering even in youth, implying that mental discipline reduces misery and supports a calmer transition at death.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul around death?

By emphasizing the mind’s afflictions and the acute pain at death, it frames dying as a crucial threshold where inner states shaped by karma and emotions strongly affect one’s experience of departure.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Practice restraint and self-observation—reduce anger and envy, simplify desires, and cultivate steadiness—so daily life becomes more bearable and the mind is better prepared for the end-of-life moment.