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Shloka 7

Sapindīkaraṇa: Timing, Eligibility, Gotra Rules, and Yearlong Śrāddha

with Vṛṣotsarga and Ghaṭa-dāna

Devanagari script

सपिण्डने ततो वृत्ते पितृलोकं स गच्छति / तस्मात्पुत्त्रेण कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं पितुः

Transliteration

sapiṇḍane tato vṛtte pitṛlokaṃ sa gacchati / tasmātputtreṇa kartavyaṃ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ pituḥ

Translation

เมื่อพิธีสปิณฑีกรณะสำเร็จบริบูรณ์แล้ว เขาย่อมไปสู่ปิตฤโลก (โลกแห่งบรรพชน) ดังนั้น บุตรพึงประกอบพิธีสปิณฑีกรณะให้แก่บิดาโดยจำเป็น

Word by Word
सपिण्डनेin/after the sapiṇḍana (rite)
सपिण्डने:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस-पिण्डन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी-प्रयोगे (in/when sapiṇḍana is done)
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
Sambandha (Sequence/अनन्तर)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formतदर्थक-अव्यय (thereupon/then)
वृत्तेwhen completed; having taken place
वृत्ते:
Adhikarana (Locative absolute/सति-सप्तमी)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्) → वृत्त (कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (when it has occurred/been completed)
पितृलोकम्to the world of the ancestors
पितृलोकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ-लोक (प्रातिपदिक; पितृ + लोक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पितॄणां लोकः)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Sambandha (Cause/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (अव्यय/तद्-प्रयोगः)
Formहेतौ/तस्मात्-प्रयोगः (ablatival adverb: therefore/from that reason)
पुत्रेणby the son
पुत्रेण:
Kartr-karana (Agent expressed in instrumental/कर्ता-तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/कर्ता-निर्देश), एकवचन
कर्तव्यम्must be done
कर्तव्यम्:
Kriya-visheshana (Predicate adjective/विधेय-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्) → कर्तव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण; कर्तव्यता (ought to be done)
सपिण्डीकरणम्the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite
सपिण्डीकरणम्:
Karta (Grammatical subject of passive/कर्तृस्थानी)
TypeNoun
Rootस-पिण्डी-करण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (कर्तव्यम् इत्यस्य विषयः)
पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Svarga

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Upon completion of sapiṇḍīkaraṇa (as prescribed)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa effects the deceased’s transition to pitṛ-status; filial duty (putra-dharma) requires the son to perform it for the father.

Vedantic Theme: Karma and relational dharma (ṛṇa—pitṛ-ṛṇa) within saṁsāra; ritual action as a means to settle obligations and support gati.

Application: Ensure sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is performed for the father by eligible kin (ideally the son) with correct procedure and timing; treat it as repayment of pitṛ-ṛṇa.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ancestral realm

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: preta-to-pitṛ transition teachings; sapiṇḍīkaraṇa phala statements (contextual)

Characters & Entities
P
Pitris

FAQs

This verse states that completion of sapiṇḍīkaraṇa enables the departed to attain Pitṛ-loka, making it a key rite in the post-death śrāddha sequence.

It links a specific ritual milestone—sapiṇḍīkaraṇa—with the transition from the post-death condition to joining the ancestral realm (Pitṛ-loka).

It emphasizes fulfilling family dharma by properly completing prescribed ancestral rites—especially for one’s father—through qualified guidance and sincere intent.

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