Shloka 59

Sapindīkaraṇa: Timing, Eligibility, Gotra Rules, and Yearlong Śrāddha

with Vṛṣotsarga and Ghaṭa-dāna

Devanagari script

जीवमाने मृते वापि किल्बिषं कुरुते तु या / स च वैधव्यमाप्नोति जन्मजन्मनि दुर्भगा

Transliteration

jīvamāne mṛte vāpi kilbiṣaṃ kurute tu yā / sa ca vaidhavyamāpnoti janmajanmani durbhagā

Translation

สตรีผู้ก่อบาป ไม่ว่าขณะสามียังมีชีวิตหรือหลังจากสามีล่วงลับ ย่อมเป็นผู้เคราะห์ร้าย ได้รับความเป็นหม้ายซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าในชาติแล้วชาติเล่า

Word by Word

• jīvamāne: while (he) is alive
• jīvamāne: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jīvat (कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; (Locative singular; present active participle used as locative absolute)

• mṛte: when (he) is dead
• mṛte: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mṛta (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; (Locative singular; past passive participle)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle ‘or’)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (particle ‘also/even’)

• kilbiṣam: sin, wrongdoing
• kilbiṣam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kilbiṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative singular)

• kurute: does/commits
• kurute: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (Present indicative, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वयार्थक-निपात (particle ‘but/indeed’)

• yā: she who
• yā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम (Feminine, Nominative singular; relative pronoun)

• saḥ: she (that one)
• saḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; निर्देशवाचक सर्वनाम (Masculine, Nominative singular; demonstrative pronoun)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction ‘and’)

• vaidhavyam: widowhood
• vaidhavyam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidhavya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative singular)

• āpnoti: attains
• āpnoti: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (Present indicative, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada)

• janma-janmani: in every birth
• janma-janmani: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janman + janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (पुनरुक्ति); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Locative singular); ‘in birth after birth’

• durbhagā: unfortunate
• durbhagā: Karta (Predicate/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur + bhaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्/दुर्-पूर्वपदक तत्पुरुष (Feminine, Nominative singular)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Strī-dharma transgression (kिल्बिष) yields repeated widowhood and misfortune across births.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-bandha and saṃsāra; actions imprint future embodiment and life-circumstances.

Application: Cultivate fidelity, restraint, and ethical conduct in marriage; avoid actions labeled as kिल्बिष to prevent long-term karmic suffering.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.26 (patnī-dharma/śrāddha-phala context); Garuda Purana Pretakalpa themes: karma-phala and rebirth consequences

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of karma and moral conduct in this Garuda Purana verse?

This verse highlights that unethical actions (kilbiṣa) create long-term karmic results, described here as repeated widowhood and misfortune across births.

How does this verse connect to the Garuda Purana’s broader teaching on afterlife and rebirth?

In the Preta Kanda, Vishnu explains to Garuda that actions in life shape post-death outcomes and future births; this verse applies that principle to household dharma and relational wrongdoing.

What is a practical application of this teaching today?

Practice integrity and responsibility in relationships and family life, recognizing that harmful actions have consequences that extend beyond immediate circumstances.