Shloka 22

Sapindīkaraṇa: Timing, Eligibility, Gotra Rules, and Yearlong Śrāddha

with Vṛṣotsarga and Ghaṭa-dāna

Devanagari script

आसुरादिविवा हेषु या व्यूढा कन्यका भवेत् / तस्यास्तु पितृगोत्रेण कुर्यात्पिण्डोदकक्रियाः

Transliteration

āsurādivivā heṣu yā vyūḍhā kanyakā bhavet / tasyāstu pitṛgotreṇa kuryātpiṇḍodakakriyāḥ

Translation

หากหญิงสาวถูกยกให้สมรสตามแบบอาสุระและแบบอื่น ๆ พิธีปิณฑะและการถวายอุทก (น้ำบูชา) ของนางพึงกระทำตามโคตรฝ่ายบิดา

Word by Word

• आसुरादिविवाहेषु: in āsura etc. marriages
• आसुरादिविवाहेषु: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आसुर (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + विवाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; ‘आसुरादि-विवाह’ = आसुर-आदि-प्रकारेषु विवाहेषु (tatpuruṣa)

• या: who
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• व्यूढा: married
• व्यूढा: Karta (Subject complement/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + √वह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘व्यूढा’ = married/taken in marriage

• कन्यका: maiden; girl
• कन्यका: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्यका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भवेत्: should be; may become
• भवेत्: Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• तु: but; indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrast/emphasis)

• पितृगोत्रेण: by/according to the father’s lineage (gotra)
• पितृगोत्रेण: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + गोत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग ‘गोत्र’, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘पितुः गोत्रेण’

• कुर्यात्: should perform
• कुर्यात्: Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• पिण्डोदकक्रियाः: piṇḍa-and-water rites
• पिण्डोदकक्रियाः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (समाहार)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Mata

Timing: When performing piṇḍa-udaka rites for a woman whose marriage is classified as āsura (etc.) per the tradition.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: For marriages like āsura and similar forms, piṇḍa and water rites for the woman are to be done under her father’s gotra.

Vedantic Theme: Ethical quality of social acts (vivāha) conditions subsequent dharmic procedures; karma operates through social-ritual structures.

Application: When the marriage form is classified as āsura (etc.) in the tradition being followed, perform śrāddha identification using the pitṛ-gotra for the woman.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.26.21 contrasting approved marriages and husband-gotra usage; Garuda Purana śrāddha eligibility discussions around gotra and sankalpa

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda
• Pitris
• Gotra

FAQs

What is the importance of pitṛ-gotra in Garuda Purana funeral rites?

This verse assigns ritual responsibility for piṇḍa and udaka offerings based on lineage: in certain marriage-types, the woman’s post-death rites are to be carried out through her father’s gotra, emphasizing gotra-based eligibility in śrāddha practice.

How does this verse explain the correct performer of piṇḍa-udaka rites?

It states that when a maiden is married via Āsura-type (and similar) marriages, the performance of piṇḍa-dāna and water offerings is linked to her paternal lineage rather than shifting entirely to the husband’s side.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When arranging śrāddha, piṇḍa-dāna, or annual tithi rites, families should consult learned priests and confirm lineage rules (gotra/relationship) so that offerings are made by the proper eligible kin as per dharma.