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Shloka 1

Devanagari script

वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणं नामाष्टादशो ऽध्यायः श्रीभगवानुवाच / वायुभूतः क्षधाविष्टः कर्मजं देहमाश्रितः / ते देहं स समासाद्य यमेन सह गच्छति

Transliteration

vṛṣotsarganānādānaphalayamalokagamanakarmajadehaprāptinirūpaṇaṃ nāmāṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ śrībhagavānuvāca / vāyubhūtaḥ kṣadhāviṣṭaḥ karmajaṃ dehamāśritaḥ / te dehaṃ sa samāsādya yamena saha gacchati

Translation

พระผู้เป็นเจ้าตรัสว่า—ผู้ตายกลายเป็นดุจลม ถูกความหิวครอบงำ แล้วอาศัยกายที่เกิดจากกรรม ครั้นได้กายนั้นแล้ว ย่อมไปพร้อมพระยมและยมทูตสู่ยมโลก

Word by Word
वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणम्the exposition of obtaining a body born of karma through going to Yama’s world, as the fruit of various gifts and the bull-release
वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणम्:
Vishaya (Topic/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषोत्सर्ग + नाना + दान + फल + यमलोक + गमन + कर्मज + देह + प्राप्ति + निरूपण (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुपद-समास (Neuter, Nom./Acc., Sg.; multi-member determinative compound)
नामnamed
नाम:
Sambandha (Appositional marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (quotative/label marker: 'called')
अष्टादशःeighteenth
अष्टादशः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टादश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; numeral compound)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.)
श्रीभगवान्the Blessed Lord
श्रीभगवान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री + भगवान् (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (Masculine, Nom., Sg.)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (परोक्षभूत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Perfect, 3rd sg.)
वायुभूतःhaving become like air
वायुभूतः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवायु + भूत (कृदन्त; √भू + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'वायुरूपेण भूतः' (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; 'having become air-like')
क्षधाविष्टःafflicted by hunger
क्षधाविष्टः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षधा + आविष्ट (कृदन्त; आ-√विश् + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'क्षधया आविष्टः' (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; possessed by hunger)
कर्मजम्born of karma
कर्मजम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्म + ज (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'कर्मणः जातम्' (Neuter, Acc., Sg.)
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Acc., Sg.)
आश्रितःhaving taken refuge in / having assumed
आश्रितः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√श्रि (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; past participle)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nom., Pl.; pronoun)
देहम्the body
देहम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Acc., Sg.)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; pronoun)
समासाद्यhaving reached
समासाद्य:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive); 'having reached/approached'
यमेनwith Yama
यमेन:
Sahakari (Instrument/साधन)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Instr., Sg.)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahartha (Comitative/सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (indeclinable; 'together with')
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Present, 3rd sg.)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (Śrī Bhagavān), instructing Garuda (Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: After death the jīva assumes a karma-formed body and is carried toward Yama’s domain to face the consequences of deeds.

Vedantic Theme: Karma as causal determinant of upādhi and experience; saṃsāra driven by vāsanā/karma until knowledge or grace intervenes.

Application: Live with accountability: restrain harmful acts, cultivate merit, and remember death to prioritize dharma, charity, and devotion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: path/realm-transition

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: preta-body formation, yamadūta escort, yama-mārga descriptions (adjacent chapters)

Characters & Entities
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse states that after death the being ‘takes refuge’ in a body shaped by past karma, which enables experience and movement on the path to Yama’s realm.

It describes the departed as subtle and wind-like, afflicted by hunger, then obtaining a karma-produced body and going under Yama’s authority/escort toward Yamaloka.

Live with awareness that actions shape future experience (karma), and support dharmic conduct and appropriate śrāddha/charity traditions that address the departed’s vulnerable condition.

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