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Shloka 57

Praise of Vṛṣotsarga (Bull-release), Worthy Dāna, and the Procedure for Kṣayāha & Ūrdhva-daihika Rites

Devanagari script

ये नमस्यन्ति गोविन्दं न तेषां विद्यते भयम् / प्रेतत्वान्मोक्षमिच्छन्तो ये करिष्यन्ति सत्क्रियाम्

Transliteration

ye namasyanti govindaṃ na teṣāṃ vidyate bhayam / pretatvānmokṣamicchanto ye kariṣyanti satkriyām

Translation

ผู้ใดนอบน้อมแด่พระโควินทะ ผู้นั้นย่อมไม่มีความหวาดกลัว และผู้ใดแม้อยู่ในภาวะเปรตยังปรารถนาโมกษะและประกอบสัทกริยา (พิธีศราทธ์เป็นต้น) ผู้นั้นย่อมได้ความหลุดพ้น

Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धि-सर्वनाम
नमस्यन्तिworship/bow to
नमस्यन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनमस्-य (धातु/नामधातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; ‘नमस्यति’ = to bow to, worship
गोविन्दम्Govinda
गोविन्दम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (Possessor/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
विद्यतेexists
विद्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘विद्यते’ = exists/is found
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रेतत्वात्from the state of being a preta (departed spirit)
प्रेतत्वात्:
Hetu/Apadana (Cause/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेतत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
मोक्षम्liberation
मोक्षम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
इच्छन्तःdesiring
इच्छन्तः:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु) + शतृ (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘इच्छन्तः’ = desiring
येthose who
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पुनरुक्त-सम्बन्धि
करिष्यन्तिwill perform
करिष्यन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
सत्क्रियाम्proper rite/virtuous ritual
सत्क्रियाम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (सत् क्रिया); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Immediately after death and during the initial preta period (contextual satkriyā/antyeṣṭi and subsequent observances).

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Govinda-prapatti removes fear; for the departed in preta-bhāva, proper rites (satkriyā) aligned with dharma support liberation/release from the preta condition.

Vedantic Theme: Bhakti as āśraya (refuge) and grace; karma (rites) as supportive means—fear dissolves in surrender to the Lord.

Application: Maintain daily remembrance of Govinda; ensure dignified last rites and śrāddha observances for family members; cultivate fearlessness through devotion and ethical living.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: liminal realm

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa teachings on preta-hood, satkriyā, and the role of Viṣṇu-nāma in crossing fear and suffering

Characters & Entities
G
Govinda
P
Pretas

FAQs

This verse states that performing satkriyā—rightly done post-death rites—supports the preta’s transition and is presented as a means aligned with the desire for moksha.

It links fearlessness to devotion: those who bow to Govinda are said to be free from fear, implying divine refuge even amidst post-death conditions.

Maintain devotion to Govinda and ensure respectful, dharmic last rites (as per family tradition and śāstra), treating death rituals as acts of duty and spiritual support.

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