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Shloka 45

Praise of Vṛṣotsarga (Bull-release), Worthy Dāna, and the Procedure for Kṣayāha & Ūrdhva-daihika Rites

Devanagari script

दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यो दद्याच्छक्त्या च दक्षिणाम् / एवं यः कुरुते तार्क्ष्य पुत्रवानप्यपुत्रवान्

Transliteration

dīnānāthaviśiṣṭebhyo dadyācchaktyā ca dakṣiṇām / evaṃ yaḥ kurute tārkṣya putravānapyaputravān

Translation

ผู้ใดควรมอบทักษิณาตามกำลังแก่ผู้ภักดีผู้คุ้มครองคนยากไร้และอ่อนแอ โอ้ ตารกษยะ (ครุฑ) ผู้กระทำเช่นนั้น แม้มีบุตรก็เป็นดุจไร้บุตรในผลบุญนั้น

Word by Word
दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यःfrom those distinguished by (helping) the poor and the helpless
दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यः:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदीन + अनाथ + विशिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), बहुवचन; समासः—दीनानाथैः विशिष्टाः (विशेषण-सम्बन्धः)
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
शक्त्याaccording to (one's) ability
शक्त्या:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
दक्षिणाम्a gift/fee (dakṣiṇā)
दक्षिणाम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formरीति/प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb of manner)
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
कुरुतेdoes
कुरुते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
तार्क्ष्यO Tārkṣya (Garuda)
तार्क्ष्य:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootतार्क्ष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
पुत्रवान्having a son
पुत्रवान्:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुत्रवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (possessing sons)
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावना/अपवाद-अव्यय (particle: even/also)
अपुत्रवान्(becomes) without a son
अपुत्रवान्:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपुत्रवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (without sons)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Tārkṣya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Dakṣiṇā given according to capacity to dharmic recipients sustains merit; neglect can nullify the ‘putra-phala’ (benefit of having a son).

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala-niyama (law of results) within gṛhastha-dharma; merit depends on right giving and right recipient (dāna-vidhi).

Application: Give proportionate charity/dakṣiṇā to worthy, service-oriented recipients; treat support of the vulnerable as a dharmic obligation, not optional generosity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Śrāddha sections): repeated emphasis on dāna and dakṣiṇā as supports for śrāddha efficacy and post-mortem welfare; Garuda Purana: themes of putra-phala and the role of rites/dāna when progeny is absent or ineffective

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda (Tārkṣya)

FAQs

This verse emphasizes that dakṣiṇā should be given in a dharmic way—according to one’s means and to worthy recipients—because the spiritual “fruit” of rites depends on right intention and right giving.

It warns that a person may be biologically “with a son,” yet become spiritually “as sonless” if they act contrary to dharma in matters like charity—losing the expected religious merit and support traditionally associated with progeny.

Give donations within your capacity, prioritize genuinely vulnerable or service-oriented recipients, and treat giving as a dharmic responsibility rather than a mere transaction for merit.

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