Shloka 19

Praise of Vṛṣotsarga (Bull-release), Worthy Dāna, and the Procedure for Kṣayāha & Ūrdhva-daihika Rites

Devanagari script

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच / कार्तिकादिषु मासेषु याम्यायतगते रवौ / शुक्लपक्षे तथा पक्षिन्द्वादश्यादितिथौ शुभे

Transliteration

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca / kārtikādiṣu māseṣu yāmyāyatagate ravau / śuklapakṣe tathā pakṣindvādaśyāditithau śubhe

Translation

พระศรีกฤษณะตรัสว่า: ในเดือนทั้งหลายเริ่มด้วยการ์ติกะ เมื่อดวงอาทิตย์เข้าสู่ทักษิณายนะ และในปักษ์สว่าง—โอ้ท่านปักษี—ในติติอันเป็นมงคลเริ่มด้วยทวาทศี

Word by Word

• श्रीकृष्णः: Śrī Kṛṣṇa
• श्रीकृष्णः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री (प्रातिपदिक) + कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; ‘श्रीमान् कृष्णः’ इति कर्मधारयसमासः (honorific)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• कार्तिकादिषु: in (months) beginning with Kārtika
• कार्तिकादिषु: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्तिक (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), बहुवचन; ‘कार्तिक-आदि’ इति तत्पुरुषसमासः (Kārtika and the like)

• मासेषु: in months
• मासेषु: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), बहुवचन

• याम्यायतगते: when (the sun is) in the southern course (dakṣiṇāyana)
• याम्यायतगते: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: याम्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आयत (प्रातिपदिक) + गत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमासः; विशेषणम् (रवौ)

• रवौ: when the sun (is)
• रवौ: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रवि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• शुक्लपक्षे: in the bright fortnight
• शुक्लपक्षे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुक्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘शुक्लः पक्षः’ इति कर्मधारयसमासः

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकारबोधक-अव्यय (also/thus)

• पक्षिन्: O bird (Garuḍa)
• पक्षिन्: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन

• द्वादश्यादितिथौ: on a tithi such as Dvādaśī
• द्वादश्यादितिथौ: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘द्वादशी-आदि-तिथि’ इति तत्पुरुषसमासः

• शुभे: auspicious
• शुभे: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (तिथौ)

Speaker

Śrī Kṛṣṇa (identified with Lord Viṣṇu in Garuḍa Purāṇa dialogue)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Months beginning with Kārtika; when Ravi is in dakṣiṇāyana; during śukla-pakṣa; on auspicious tithis beginning with Dvādaśī.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha/related rites have prescribed auspicious temporal conditions (māsa, ayana, pakṣa, tithi) that enhance efficacy.

Vedantic Theme: Kāla as a śakti within dharma; alignment with cosmic order (ṛta) through correct timing.

Application: Schedule rites in the specified months and bright fortnight, beginning with Dvādaśī; consult pañcāṅga for dakṣiṇāyana and tithi accuracy.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.14.17 (request for timing and method); Garuda Purana 2.14.18 (phala inquiry)

Characters & Entities

• Krishna
• Vishnu
• Garuḍa
• Sun (Ravi)
• Kārtika
• Dakṣiṇāyana
• Śukla Pakṣa
• Dvādaśī

FAQs

What is the importance of choosing Kārtika and the bright fortnight in Garuḍa Purāṇa observances?

This verse frames Kārtika and the Śukla Pakṣa as especially favorable periods for dharmic vows/rites, emphasizing that timing itself supports auspiciousness and merit.

How does this verse relate to the Garuḍa Purāṇa’s teaching on death-rites and the soul’s welfare?

In the Preta Kāṇḍa context, correct timing for ritual observances is presented as part of orderly dharma that aids the departed and strengthens the performer’s spiritual fruit, complementing śrāddha and related duties.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When planning vrata, pūjā, or śrāddha-related observances, prioritize traditionally auspicious windows like Kārtika, Śukla Pakṣa, and Dvādaśī (as feasible), while keeping the core intent—devotion, charity, and ethical conduct—central.