Shloka 35

Śrāddha as Trans-realm Nourishment; Pitṛ-Conveyance; Piṇḍa-born Body and the ātivāhika; Bhakti-based Release

Devanagari script

स्नातप्रियोक्तवाक्यात्तु सुस्नाता नमपालयत् / नभोमध्यगते सूर्ये काले कुतुप आगते

Transliteration

snātapriyoktavākyāttu susnātā namapālayat / nabhomadhyagate sūrye kāle kutupa āgate

Translation

นางทำตามถ้อยคำของผู้เป็นที่รัก อาบน้ำชำระกายให้บริสุทธิ์ แล้วปฏิบัติพิธีนมัสการตามพระธรรมวินัย ครั้นดวงอาทิตย์อยู่กลางนภา และถึงกาลอันควรคือมุหูรตะกุตุปอันเป็นมงคล นางจึงประกอบกรรมนั้น

Word by Word

• स्नात: bathed
• स्नात: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्नात (कृदन्त; धातु √स्ना)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग प्रातिपदिकरूप; समासपूर्वपदत्वात् अव्यक्त-विभक्ति

• प्रिय: dear, beloved
• प्रिय: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपदत्वात् अव्यक्त-विभक्ति; विशेषण

• उक्त: spoken
• उक्त: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्त (कृदन्त; धातु √वच्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), समासपूर्वपदत्वात् अव्यक्त-विभक्ति

• वाक्यात्: from the statement/words
• वाक्यात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• सुस्नाता: having bathed well
• सुस्नाता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुस्नात (कृदन्त; धातु √स्ना, उपसर्ग सु-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• नम: a bow/salutation
• नम: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• अपालयत्: performed/observed (kept)
• अपालयत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पाल् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• नभो: of the sky
• नभो: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन (नभसः → नभो)

• मध्य: middle
• मध्य: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपदत्वात् अव्यक्त-विभक्ति

• गते: when (it) had gone/being situated
• गते: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत (कृदन्त; धातु √गम्)
• Form: सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• सूर्ये: in the sun (when the sun was)
• सूर्ये: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• काले: at the time
• काले: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• कुतुपे: at the Kutupa (auspicious time)
• कुतुपे: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुतुप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• आगते: having arrived
• आगते: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आगत (कृदन्त; धातु √गम्, उपसर्ग आ-)
• Form: सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Kutupa-muhūrta at madhyāhna (midday) after snāna

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla (proper time) and śauca (purity) as enablers of ritual fruit; obedience to prescribed vidhi.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa as a purifier (citta-śuddhi) preparing for higher knowledge/bhakti.

Application: Perform ancestral rites/dāna after bathing, with attention to auspicious muhūrtas (especially kutupa), and with reverential intent.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Śrāddha sections): praise of kutupa-muhūrta for śrāddha and dāna; Garuda Purana: emphasis on snāna and ācamana before rites

Characters & Entities

• Surya

FAQs

What is the importance of kutupa-kāla in Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that rites done at midday, when kutupa-kāla arrives, are considered properly timed and thus ritually effective for śrāddha-related observances.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana death rituals?

It emphasizes correct preparation (bathing/purity) and correct timing (midday/kutupa) as essential conditions for performing prescribed reverential acts connected with post-death and ancestral rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain personal cleanliness and follow proper timing/traditional muhurta when performing śrāddha, tarpaṇa, or remembrance rituals, treating them with disciplined reverence.