Shloka 34

Garuḍa’s Return to Vaikuṇṭha and the Comprehensive Inquiry into Death-Rites and the Preta’s Journey

Devanagari script

यमसूक्तं किमर्थं च उदीच्या दिशमाहरेत् / पानीयमेकवस्त्रेण सूर्यबिम्बनिरीक्षणम्

Transliteration

yamasūktaṃ kimarthaṃ ca udīcyā diśamāharet / pānīyamekavastreṇa sūryabimbanirīkṣaṇam

Translation

เพื่อเหตุใดจึงสวด ‘ยมสูคตะ’ และเหตุใดจึงหันหน้า/กำหนดใจไปทางทิศเหนือ? เหตุใดจึงมีการถวายน้ำ การนุ่งห่มผ้าผืนเดียว และการเพ่งดูดวงอาทิตย์?

Word by Word

• यमसूक्तम्: the hymn to Yama
• यमसूक्तम्: Karma/Prashna-vishaya (Object/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक) + सूक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (यमस्य सूक्तम्)

• किमर्थम्: why? for what purpose?
• किमर्थम्: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययीभाव (why/for what purpose)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• उदीच्या: by/with the northern
• उदीच्या: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदीच्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; दिश्-विशेषण (northern)

• दिशम्: direction
• दिशम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आहरेत्: should bring / should take
• आहरेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-हृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• पानीयम्: water (drinkable water)
• पानीयम्: Karma/Prashna-vishaya (Object/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पानीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• एकवस्त्रेण: with one garment
• एकवस्त्रेण: Karana (Instrument/Means/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एक (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + वस्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (एकं वस्त्रं यस्य/एकेन वस्त्रेण: with a single garment)

• सूर्यबिम्बनिरीक्षणम्: gazing at the sun-disc
• सूर्यबिम्बनिरीक्षणम्: Karma/Prashna-vishaya (Object/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + बिम्ब (प्रातिपदिक) + निरीक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (सूर्यस्य बिम्बस्य निरीक्षणम्)

Speaker

Garuda (Vinata-putra) questioning Lord Vishnu

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Impurity/antyeṣṭi-associated observances (water offerings; ekavastra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Death-rites invoke cosmic order and moral governance (Yama); purity disciplines (water, ekavastra) and solar witness stabilize mind and rite.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as universal law; remembrance of mortality and accountability; external observances support inner steadiness.

Application: In liminal times, adopt disciplined simplicity (austerity, cleanliness, focused attention) and acknowledge ethical accountability.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual ground facing a direction

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: Yama’s role and post-death adjudication elaborated in subsequent passages (general within Pretakalpa); Garuda Purana: śauca-niyamas and tarpaṇa in śrāddha contexts (general)

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Surya

FAQs

What is the importance of the Yama-sūkta in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames the Yama-sūkta as a purposeful component of death-rites, implying it is recited to align the rite with Yama’s jurisdiction and the post-death journey governed by dharma and judgment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

By asking about northward orientation, water-offerings, and solar gazing, the verse points to ritual actions meant to guide and steady the departed’s transition, indicating that specific directions and cosmic symbols (like Surya) are ritually linked to the onward course.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

It highlights that end-of-life rites are not random: intention, purity, and correct observance matter—encouraging mindful performance of ancestral rites and a disciplined approach to dharma in daily life.