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Shloka 19

Sṛṣṭi-krama, Pratibimba-Upādhi, and Viṣṇu as Primary Brahman

with Pralaya and Nāma-Stuti

Devanagari script

एवं वदन्ति ये मूढा स्तेपि यान्त्यधरं तमः / उपाधिर्द्विविधः प्रोक्तः स्वरूपो बाह्य एव च

Transliteration

evaṃ vadanti ye mūḍhā stepi yāntyadharaṃ tamaḥ / upādhirdvividhaḥ proktaḥ svarūpo bāhya eva ca

Translation

ผู้หลงผิดที่กล่าวเช่นนั้น แม้เขาเองก็ย่อมตกลงสู่ความมืดอันต่ำทราม. อุปาธิกล่าวว่ามีสองประการ คือโดยสวรูป (เนื้อแท้) และโดยภายนอกด้วย.

Word by Word
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Prakara (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (manner adverb: thus)
वदन्तिsay
वदन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative pronoun)
मूढाःthe deluded
मूढाः:
Karta (कर्ता; apposition to ये)
TypeNoun
Rootमूढ (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त from √मुह्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेष्यरूपेण (as substantive: the deluded)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात (also/even)
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
अधरम्lower
अधरम्:
Karma (कर्म; goal as object)
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of तमः)
तमःdarkness (hellish gloom)
तमः:
Karma (कर्म; destination)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
उपाधिःlimiting adjunct (upādhi)
उपाधिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउपाधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
द्विविधःtwofold
द्विविधः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध (प्रातिपदिक: द्वि + विध)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (द्वौ विधौ यस्य)
प्रोक्तःis declared
प्रोक्तः:
Kriya (क्रिया; passive predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रोक्त (कृदन्त; √वच् धातु with प्र-उपसर्ग)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (said/declared)
स्वरूपःintrinsic (one)
स्वरूपः:
Karta (कर्ता; as one member of classification)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरूप (प्रातिपदिक: स्व + रूप)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (स्वस्य रूपम्)
बाह्यःexternal (one)
बाह्यः:
Karta (कर्ता; as one member of classification)
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (as substantive) ‘external (one)’
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण-निपात
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Upādhi (limiting adjunct) is twofold—svārūpa (intrinsic/constitutive) and bāhya (external); wrong assertions lead to spiritual obscuration.

Vedantic Theme: Adhyāsa and upādhi-bheda as the basis of apparent individuality; necessity of viveka to avoid tamas.

Application: Practice discernment in doctrine and speech; examine what in experience is ‘self’ versus ‘added’ (body-mind, roles), and avoid dogmatic claims that reinforce ignorance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.2.20-23 (continuation on dissolution of upādhis, reflection theory, liṅga-deha)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse highlights that bondage and deluded speech arise due to upādhis—conditions that mask true nature—classified here as intrinsic and external, implying liberation requires discerning and transcending both.

It states that those who persist in deluded assertions sink into “lower darkness,” indicating a fall into deeper ignorance and unfavorable states driven by wrong understanding and conditioning.

Examine beliefs shaped by habit, fear, or social identity (external upādhis) and inner tendencies (intrinsic upādhis); cultivate right view, self-discipline, and scriptural reflection to avoid living in delusion.

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