Shloka 2

Puṣparāga, Padmarāga, Kaukaṇṭaka, and Indranīla: Origins, Visual Marks, Value, and Phala

Devanagari script

आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः पाषाणः पद्मरागसंज्ञस्तु / कौकण्टकनामा स्यात्स एव यदि लोहितापीतः

Transliteration

āpītapāṇḍuruciraḥ pāṣāṇaḥ padmarāgasaṃjñastu / kaukaṇṭakanāmā syātsa eva yadi lohitāpītaḥ

Translation

ศิลาที่งามด้วยประกายเหลืองอ่อนปนขาว เรียกว่า ‘ปัทมรากะ’; ศิลาเดียวกันนั้นหากเป็นเหลืองปนแดง เรียกว่า ‘เกากัณฏกะ’

Word by Word

• आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः: pleasing with a pale-yellow hue
• आपीतपाण्डुरुचिरः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपीत (प्रातिपदिक) + पाण्डुर (प्रातिपदिक) + रुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; बहुपद-कर्मधारय (आपीतः च पाण्डुरः च रुचिरः च)

• पाषाणः: stone, gem-stone
• पाषाणः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाषाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular

• पद्मरागसंज्ञः: called ‘padmarāga’
• पद्मरागसंज्ञः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पद्मराग (प्रातिपदिक) + संज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; तत्पुरुष (पद्मराग-इति संज्ञा यस्य)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात) — particle

• कौकण्टकनामा: having the name ‘kaukaṇṭaka’
• कौकण्टकनामा: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कौकण्टक (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; तत्पुरुष (कौकण्टक इति नाम यस्य)

• स्यात्: would be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — may be/would be

• सः: that (stone)
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular

• एव: indeed, exactly
• एव: Emphasis particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात/अवधारण) — emphatic particle

• यदि: if
• यदि: Condition marker
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (सम्बन्ध/शर्त) — conditional conjunction

• लोहितापीतः: reddish-yellow
• लोहितापीतः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लोहित (प्रातिपदिक) + आपीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — masculine nominative singular; कर्मधारय (लोहितः च आपीतः च)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Lakṣaṇa-jñāna: knowledge through observable qualities (ruci/varṇa) leading to correct designation (saṃjñā).

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa correspondence: correct naming depends on accurate apprehension of form/qualities.

Application: Identify padmarāga by pale-yellow sheen per this passage; distinguish the reddish-yellow variant as kaukaṇṭaka; document color under consistent light.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: 1.74.3–1.74.4 elaborating color/clarity and related gem names

FAQs

What is the importance of Padmarāga and Kaukaṇṭaka in the Garuda Purana?

This verse preserves a traditional classification of gemstones by observable color-tones, distinguishing Padmarāga (pale-yellow sheen) from Kaukaṇṭaka (reddish-yellow).

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not address afterlife doctrine here; the verse belongs to a descriptive section on material classifications (gems/stones) rather than the preta or yama narratives.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a textual reference for identifying traditional gemstone categories by hue—helpful for Sanskrit study, cataloging manuscripts, or documenting Purāṇic gem-terminology.