Shloka 38

Devanagari script

हरश्च बहुरूपश्च त्र्यम्बकश्चापराजितः / वृषाकपिश्च शम्भुश्च कपर्दे रैवतस्तथा

Transliteration

haraśca bahurūpaśca tryambakaścāparājitaḥ / vṛṣākapiśca śambhuśca kaparde raivatastathā

Translation

หระ ผู้มีหลายรูป ตรียัมพกะ (สามเนตร) ผู้ไม่พ่าย; วฤษภากปิ ศัมภุ กปัรทิน และไรวตะ—ล้วนเป็นพระนามของศิวะ.

Word by Word

• हरः: Hara (Śiva-name)
• हरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• बहुरूपः: Bahurūpa (many-formed)
• बहुरूपः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहु + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (बहूनि रूपाणि यस्य)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• त्र्यम्बकः: Tryambaka (three-eyed)
• त्र्यम्बकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि + अम्बक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—द्विगु (त्रीणि अम्बकानि यस्य)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अपराजितः: Aparājita (unconquered)
• अपराजितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ + पराजित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नञ्-समासपूर्वक-विशेषणवत् नाम

• वृषाकपिः: Vṛṣākapi (a Rudra-name)
• वृषाकपिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष + कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (वृषः च कपिः च)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शम्भुः: Śambhu
• शम्भुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम्भु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कपर्दे: Kapardin (matted-haired; a name)
• कपर्दे: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपर्दिन्/कपर्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; रूपम्—कपर्दे (वैकल्पिक/पाठान्तर-रूप), कपर्दी इत्यर्थः

• रैवतः: Raivata (a name)
• रैवतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रैवत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• तथा: likewise, also
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb: 'thus/likewise')

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: One reality is approached through multiple nāmas reflecting functions and aspects (bahurūpatva).

Vedantic Theme: Unity underlying multiplicity; epithets as upādhis indicating powers rather than separate absolutes.

Application: Japa/smaraṇa using epithets to cultivate steadiness in adversity (aparājita) and inner witnessing (tryambaka).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.6.37, 1.6.39 (Rudra list context)

Characters & Entities

• Shiva (Hara)
• Tryambaka
• Shambhu
• Kapardin
• Raivata

FAQs

What is the importance of these names of Shiva in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a litany of Śiva’s epithets, emphasizing his auspicious, invincible, and many-formed nature—used for remembrance and devotional recitation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by prescribing divine remembrance through Śiva’s names, it supports purification of mind and conduct—foundational virtues for a steadier spiritual course described elsewhere in the Purana.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use these epithets as a short daily nāma-japa (name-recitation) to cultivate steadiness, auspiciousness, and self-restraint—qualities that support dharmic living.