Shloka 59

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

आदावोङ्कारमुच्चार्य नमो ऽन्ते तर्पयामि च / देवान्ब्रह्मऋषींश्चैव तर्पयेदक्षतोदकैः

Transliteration

ādāvoṅkāramuccārya namo 'nte tarpayāmi ca / devānbrahmaṛṣīṃścaiva tarpayedakṣatodakaiḥ

Translation

เริ่มด้วยการเปล่งพยางค์ ‘โอม’ และลงท้ายด้วยคำว่า ‘นะโม’ พร้อมกล่าวว่า ‘ข้าพเจ้าถวายตัรปณะ’ แล้วพึงตัรปณะเทวะและพรหมฤๅษีด้วยน้ำผสมอักษตะ (ข้าวสารไม่หัก)

Word by Word

• आदौ: at the beginning
• आदौ: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदौ (अव्यय; आदि-प्रातिपदिकात्)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (at first/in the beginning)

• ओङ्कारम्: the syllable Oṃ
• ओङ्कारम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओङ्कार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• उच्चार्य: having uttered
• उच्चार्य: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-चर् (धातु) (उच्चारयति)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambandha (Salutation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमः (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: नमस्कारार्थक-अव्यय (salutation particle), प्रायः चतुर्थी-सम्बन्धे (to ...)

• अन्ते: at the end
• अन्ते: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; काल/अवसान-अधिकरण (at the end)

• तर्पयामि: I satisfy/offer (libations)
• तर्पयामि: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु) (तर्पयति)
• Form: लट् (present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन

• ब्रह्मऋषीन्: the brahmarṣis (seer-sages)
• ब्रह्मऋषीन्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्म (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (ब्रह्मणः/ब्रह्मविदः ऋषयः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic: indeed/just)

• तर्पयेत्: should satisfy/offer libations to
• तर्पयेत्: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु) (तर्पयति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• अक्षतोदकैः: with water mixed with unbroken rice-grains
• अक्षतोदकैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्षत (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (अक्षतैः सह उदकैः / water with unbroken grains)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: During tarpaṇa segment of daily/occasional rites; after purification and seating

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Mantra-framed offering: begin with Oṁ, end with namo; perform tarpaṇa with akṣata-udaka to devas and brahmarṣis.

Vedantic Theme: Śabda-brahman (sacred sound) as purifier; ritual exactness (vidhi) supports inner attentiveness.

Application: When performing tarpaṇa, use correct mantric framing and offer water with akṣata, maintaining clarity of intention and respectful address.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: tīrtha/riverbank/household water vessel area

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.50.58 (tarpaṇa to devas/ṛṣis/pitṛs); Garuda Purana 1.50.60 (according to one’s sūtra-vidhi)

Characters & Entities

• Oṁ (Praṇava)
• Devas
• Brahmarṣis
• Tarpaṇa
• Akṣata

FAQs

What is the importance of tarpaṇa in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames tarpaṇa as a formal act of propitiation done with mantra structure (Oṁ at the start, “namo” at the end) and proper offering substance (water with akṣata) to satisfy Devas and Brahmarṣis.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: it emphasizes correct ritual conduct (ācāra) and offerings to higher beings (Devas and Ṛṣis), which the Garuḍa Purāṇa treats as supportive of dharma and auspicious transitions in life-cycle and post-death rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing tarpaṇa (daily, on śrāddha days, or during ancestral rites), keep the recitation disciplined—begin with Oṁ, conclude with “namo,” and use clean water with akṣata while offering with reverence to Devas and Ṛṣis.