Shloka 21

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

प्राङ्मुखः सततं विप्रः सन्ध्योपासनमाचरेत् / सन्ध्याहीनो ऽशुचिर्नित्यमनर्हः सर्वकर्मसु

Transliteration

prāṅmukhaḥ satataṃ vipraḥ sandhyopāsanamācaret / sandhyāhīno 'śucirnityamanarhaḥ sarvakarmasu

Translation

ผู้เป็นทวิชาพึงหันหน้าไปทางทิศตะวันออกและบำเพ็ญสันธยาอุปาสนาเป็นนิตย์ ผู้ขาดสันธยาย่อมเป็นมลทินอยู่เสมอ และไม่สมควรแก่พิธีกรรมและหน้าที่ทั้งปวง.

Word by Word

• प्राङ्मुखः: facing east
• प्राङ्मुखः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राङ् (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (दिक्-विशेषणपूर्वकः)

• सततम्: always
• सततम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• विप्रः: a Brahmin
• विप्रः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सन्ध्योपासनम्: worship of the twilight (sandhyā)
• सन्ध्योपासनम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक) + उपासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: सन्ध्यायाः उपासनम्)

• आचरेत्: should perform/practice
• आचरेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√चर् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• सन्ध्याहीनः: devoid of sandhyā (one who neglects it)
• सन्ध्याहीनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक) + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (सन्ध्यया हीनः)

• अशुचिः: impure
• अशुचिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अनर्हः: unfit/undeserving
• अनर्हः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्ह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सर्वकर्मसु: in all rites/actions
• सर्वकर्मसु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (सर्वाणि कर्माणि)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nitya-karma: Sandhyā-upāsanā as indispensable daily duty; neglect causes aśauca and adhikāra-loss for rites.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi as prerequisite for higher knowledge and worship; karma as purifier supporting jñāna/bhakti.

Application: Maintain a fixed daily Sandhyā routine (dawn/noon/dusk as per tradition), with correct direction, cleanliness, and attention; treat it as non-negotiable like hygiene.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: directional-ritual orientation

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Dharma/Ācāra sections): nitya-karma and aśauca consequences for neglect; Garuda Purana: eligibility (adhikāra) for rites tied to purity and daily observances

FAQs

What is the importance of Sandhyā-vandana in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse treats Sandhyā worship as a non-negotiable daily duty (nitya-karma) that maintains ritual purity and eligibility for other religious acts.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly, it emphasizes disciplined daily dharma: neglect of obligatory rites is framed as a condition of impurity and ineligibility, which Purāṇic ethics connect with adverse karmic outcomes.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Keep a consistent daily spiritual practice (prayer/meditation at twilight), treating it as foundational—supporting clarity, discipline, and integrity in all other duties.