Shloka 15

Brahma-vidyā through Yoga: Restraint, Pranava Japa, and Samādhi leading to Mokṣa

Devanagari script

जाग्रतो यस्य नो तन्द्रा न मोहो न भ्रमस्तथा / उत्पद्यते न जानाति शब्दार्थविषयान्वशी

Transliteration

jāgrato yasya no tandrā na moho na bhramastathā / utpadyate na jānāti śabdārthaviṣayānvaśī

Translation

ผู้ที่ดำรงความตื่นรู้อยู่เสมอ ย่อมไม่เกิดง่วงเหงา ไม่เกิดความหลง และไม่เกิดความสับสน เขาผู้สำรวมย่อมไม่ติดข้องในอารมณ์แห่งเสียงและความหมาย

Word by Word

• जाग्रतः: of (one) awake
• जाग्रतः: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जाग्रत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; वर्तमानावस्था-वाचक (of one who is awake)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (relative pronoun)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• तन्द्रा: drowsiness
• तन्द्रा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तन्द्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• मोहः: delusion
• मोहः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• भ्रमः: confusion, error
• भ्रमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: likewise/also)

• उत्पद्यते: arises
• उत्पद्यते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत् + पद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• जानाति: knows
• जानाति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• शब्दार्थविषयान्: objects of words and meanings
• शब्दार्थविषयान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द + अर्थ + विषय (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन; समासः (षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः) — 'शब्दानां अर्थाः' तथा 'अर्थानां विषयाः' इति; कर्म (object)

• वशी: self-controlled, master
• वशी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (one who is in control)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: True wakefulness is freedom from torpor, delusion, and confusion; the self-controlled do not become bound by śabda (sound/words) and artha (meanings) as objects.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāda-tyāga and indriya-nigraha; disentangling consciousness from nāma-rūpa mediated by language and sense-objects.

Application: Practice mindful speech and listening; reduce compulsive media/argument; cultivate ‘witnessing’ during sensory contact so words and meanings do not hijack attention.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: inner discipline (adhyātma)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.235.16 (sense-withdrawal and restraint of mind/intellect/ego)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of wakefulness (jāgrat) in Garuda Purana?

This verse presents vigilance as the foundation for spiritual clarity: when one is truly wakeful, drowsiness, delusion, and confusion do not arise, enabling steadiness on the dharmic path.

How does this verse explain bondage to sense-objects?

It points to attachment to “sound and meaning” (śabda-artha) as a subtle form of sense-entanglement; the self-controlled person avoids being ruled by such objects and thus reduces inner agitation.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Practice mindful vigilance—reduce distraction and compulsive media/speech intake, cultivate steady attention (jāgrat), and choose words and meanings that support dharma rather than provoke craving or confusion.