Shloka 19

Yuga-Dharma, Kalpa Measure, Purāṇa Definitions, and the Kali-Yuga Power of Nāma-Kīrtana

Devanagari script

दुर्वाससोक्तमाश्चर्यं नारदोक्तमतः परम् / कापिलं वामनञ्चैव तथैवोशनसेरितम्

Transliteration

durvāsasoktamāścaryaṃ nāradoktamataḥ param / kāpilaṃ vāmanañcaiva tathaivośanaseritam

Translation

คำสอนอันน่าอัศจรรย์ที่ทุรวาสะกล่าวไว้ แล้วถัดมาคือโอวาทอันสูงสุดของนารท ตลอดจนคำสอนของกบิลและวามนะ และที่อุศนัส (ศุกราจารย์) ได้สั่งสอนด้วย

Word by Word

• दुर्वाससः: of Durvāsas
• दुर्वाससः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durvāsas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन (Masc., Gen., Sg.)

• उक्तम्: spoken
• उक्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √vac (धातु) + ta (क्त, कर्मणि कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘उक्त’ = ‘spoken’

• आश्चर्यम्: (the) Āścarya (Upapurāṇa)
• आश्चर्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āścarya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neuter, Nom/Acc, Sg.)

• नारद: Nārada
• नारद: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nārada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-पूर्वपद-सम्बन्धे (as first member in compound)

• उक्तम्: spoken
• उक्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √vac (धातु) + ta (क्त, कर्मणि कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अतः: thereafter
• अतः: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, हेत्वर्थ/अनन्तरार्थे (thereafter/from this)

• परम्: next/another
• परम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neuter, Nom/Acc, Sg.)

• कापिलम्: (the) Kāpila (Upapurāṇa)
• कापिलम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāpila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वामनम्: (the) Vāmana (Upapurāṇa)
• वामनम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāmana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/also
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic particle)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारार्थे (thus/likewise)

• एव: also
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक निपात

• उशनसा: by Uśanas (Śukra)
• उशनसा: Karana (Agent in passive/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uśanas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (Masc., Instr., Sg.)

• ईरितम्: propounded/uttered
• ईरितम्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īr (धातु) + ta (क्त, कर्मणि कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘ईरित’ = ‘uttered/propounded’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Many pramāṇa-like teachings exist within the purāṇic ecosystem; each is anchored in a named seer/teacher, implying interpretive frames (bhakti, sāṅkhya, nīti).

Vedantic Theme: Samanvaya (harmonization): diverse darśanas and devotional streams can be read as converging toward dharma and ultimate good when properly contextualized.

Application: When studying doctrine, note the teacher’s orientation (e.g., Kapila→Sāṅkhya; Nārada→bhakti/nāma; Uśanas→nīti) to avoid category errors.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.223.17-21 (continuing list)

Characters & Entities

• Durvasa
• Narada
• Kapila
• Vamana
• Ushanas (Shukracharya)

FAQs

What is the importance of citing multiple sages in this Garuda Purana verse?

It establishes the teaching as tradition-backed—grounded in respected rishis and acharyas—so the guidance on dharma is presented as consistent with multiple authoritative lineages.

How does this verse support the reliability of Garuda Purana teachings?

By explicitly naming sources (Durvāsas, Nārada, Kapila, Vāmana, Uśanas), the text signals that its instruction is not isolated opinion but aligned with recognized doctrinal streams.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When following Garuda Purana-based practices (ethics, rites, or remembrance of dharma), prefer approaches that are lineage-consistent, well-attested, and harmonized with broader śāstric teachings rather than improvised rules.