Shloka 2

Devanagari script

यः शूद्रोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टं प्रमादाद्भक्षयेद्द्विजः / अहोरात्रोषितो भूत्वा पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति

Transliteration

yaḥ śūdrocchiṣṭasaṃspṛṣṭaṃ pramādādbhakṣayeddvijaḥ / ahorātroṣito bhūtvā pañcagavyena śudhyati

Translation

หากทวิชะผู้หนึ่งเผลอกินอาหารที่ถูกต้องด้วยอุจฉิษฏะของศูทรแล้ว เมื่ออดอาหารตลอดวันและคืน ย่อมชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ด้วยปัญจคัวยะ.

Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रत्यय (relative pronoun)

• शूद्र: of a Śūdra
• शूद्र: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (genitive sense)

• उच्छिष्ट: leftover food/impurity
• उच्छिष्ट: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उच्छिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग

• संस्पृष्टम्: touched/contaminated
• संस्पृष्टम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+स्पृश् (धातु) → संस्पृष्ट (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण; ‘शूद्रोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टम्’ = शूद्र-उच्छिष्टेन संस्पृष्टम् (touched/contaminated by Śūdra’s leftovers)

• प्रमादात्: from negligence
• प्रमादात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/हेतु), एकवचन; कारणार्थ (out of negligence)

• भक्षयेत्: should eat
• भक्षयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• द्विजः: a twice-born (Brahmin etc.)
• द्विजः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन

• अहोरात्र: day and night
• अहोरात्र: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहोरात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (अहः + रात्रि)

• उषितः: having stayed (for)
• उषितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वस् (धातु) → उषित (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘अहोरात्रोषितः’ = अहोरात्रं उषितः (having stayed for a day and night)

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वकालिक (having become)

• पञ्चगव्येन: with pañcagavya (five cow-products)
• पञ्चगव्येन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च (प्रातिपदिक) + गव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (पञ्चानां गव्यानां समाहारः)

• शुध्यति: is purified
• शुध्यति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुध् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद/परस्मैपद-प्रयोगभेद (here: becomes purified)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Prāyaścitta for accidental transgression: negligence in purity rules requires measured fasting and pañcagavya to regain śuddhi.

Vedantic Theme: Discipline (tapas) and corrective action reduce karmic blemish and re-establish sattvic order; emphasis on intentionality (pramāda) and remediation.

Application: When one violates a personal ethical boundary through carelessness, adopt a concrete corrective plan: pause/fast (restraint), cleanse habits, and recommit to mindful conduct.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: domestic/ritual setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana prāyaścitta-kāṇḍa: graded expiations for food-contact impurities; pañcagavya as recurring purifier

Characters & Entities

• Shudra
• Dvija
• Panchagavya

FAQs

What is the importance of pañcagavya in Garuda Purana purification rites?

This verse presents pañcagavya as a defined expiation (prāyaścitta) that restores ritual purity after an accidental impurity connected with food contact.

How does this verse explain sin versus negligence in dharma?

It distinguishes a lapse done from pramāda (carelessness) and prescribes a specific, limited penance—fasting for a day and night followed by pañcagavya—rather than treating it as an intentional grave offense.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain mindfulness and cleanliness in food practices; when mistakes occur, respond with accountability, restraint (self-discipline), and a sincere corrective observance consistent with one’s tradition.