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Shloka 109

Ācāra-Nirṇaya: Varṇa-Āśrama Dharma, Śauca, Snāna, Sandhyā, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and Gṛhastha-Dinacaryā

Devanagari script

अस्नातस्तु पुमान्नार्हे जपाग्निहवनादिषु / प्रातः स्नानं तदर्थं तु नित्यस्नानं प्रकीर्तितम्

Transliteration

asnātastu pumānnārhe japāgnihavanādiṣu / prātaḥ snānaṃ tadarthaṃ tu nityasnānaṃ prakīrtitam

Translation

ผู้ที่ยังมิได้อาบน้ำย่อมไม่สมควรแก่การสวดมนต์ (ชปะ) การบูชาไฟ/โหมะ และกิจอื่น ๆ ดังนั้นการอาบน้ำยามเช้าเพื่อเหตุนี้จึงเรียกว่าอาบประจำวัน (นิตยะสฺนาน).

Word by Word
अस्नातःone who has not bathed
अस्नातः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-स्नात (प्रातिपदिक; स्ना-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययः)
Formक्त-कृदन्तः, पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; नञ्-पूर्वकः; विशेषणम् (पुमान् इति)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारण-अव्ययम् (particle: but/indeed)
पुमान्a man/person
पुमान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्ययम् (negation)
अर्हेis fit/eligible
अर्हे:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह (धातु/प्रातिपदिक)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्; ‘is fit/eligible’
जपin recitations
जप:
Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootजप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (समासान्ते -आदिṣu)
अग्निहवनin fire-offerings
अग्निहवन:
Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + हवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (समासान्ते -आदिṣu); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अग्नेः हवनम्)
आदिṣuetc. (in such acts)
आदिṣu:
Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; ‘etc.’-अर्थे (जप-अग्निहवन-आदि-समूहे)
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Kala (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय)
Formकाल-अव्ययम् (adverb of time: in the morning)
स्नानम्bathing
स्नानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
तदर्थम्for that purpose
तदर्थम्:
Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (तस्य अर्थः = for that purpose)
तुindeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्ययम् (particle)
नित्यस्नानम्daily bath
नित्यस्नानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक) + स्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मधारयः (नित्यं स्नानम्)
प्रकीर्तितम्is declared
प्रकीर्तितम्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-कीर्त् (धातु) + त (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-कृदन्तः, नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि प्रयोगः
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual eligibility depends on purity; morning bath is nitya because it enables core religious practices.

Vedantic Theme: Discipline (niyama) as sattva-enhancing; outer order supports inner steadiness for mantra and worship.

Application: Before meditation, mantra, or any sacred routine, perform basic cleansing—ideally a morning bath—so practice begins from a ‘clean slate’.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: domestic/ritual setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.213.108 (nitya snāna category); Garuda Purana 1.213.107 (materials and natural water)

Characters & Entities
A
Agni

FAQs

This verse states that morning bathing is a daily obligation because it makes a person eligible for sacred acts like japa and homa.

Yes. The verse explicitly says an unbathed person is not fit (nārha) for japa, agnihavana, and related rites, implying purification as a prerequisite.

Before prayer, mantra practice, or any formal worship, perform basic cleansing—ideally a morning bath—to cultivate readiness, discipline, and reverence for the ritual.

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