Shloka 11

Dṛṣṭānta on Siddhi: Pitṛ-Procedure, Non-Delusion, and Vyākaraṇa Classifications

Devanagari script

समासाः षट् समाख्याताः स द्विजः कर्मधारयः / द्विगुस्त्रिवेदी ग्रामश्च अयं तत्पुरुषः स्मृतः

Transliteration

samāsāḥ ṣaṭ samākhyātāḥ sa dvijaḥ karmadhārayaḥ / dvigustrivedī grāmaśca ayaṃ tatpuruṣaḥ smṛtaḥ

Translation

สมาส (คำประสม) มีหกประเภทที่สอนไว้ ในบรรดานั้น ‘ทวิชะ’ และ ‘กรรมธารยะ’ เป็นต้น เป็นตัวอย่างของกรรมธารยะสมาส; ส่วน ‘ทวิคุ’ ‘ตรีเวที’ และ ‘ครามะ’ เป็นต้น ถูกจดจำที่นี่ว่าเป็นตัตปุรุษสมาส

Word by Word

• समासाः: compounds
• समासाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् (Nominative plural)

• षट्: six
• षट्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षट् (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
• Form: संख्यावाचकः; अव्ययवत्/अविकारी; बहुवचनार्थे (six)

• समाख्याताः: are declared/called
• समाख्याताः: Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया-भाव)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-ख्या (धातु) → समाख्यात (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (Past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम्; (समासाः) इति विशेष्येण सह

• सः: that
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• द्विजः: twice-born (Brahmin)
• द्विजः: Apposition (सम्बोधन/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• कर्मधारयः: karmadhāraya (compound type)
• कर्मधारयः: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मधारय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• द्विगुः: dvigu (compound type)
• द्विगुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विगु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• त्रिवेदी: one versed in three Vedas; Trivedin
• त्रिवेदी: Example (उदाहरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक) + वेदिन्/वेदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); द्विगु-समासः (त्रयः वेदाः यस्य/त्रिषु वेदेषु)

• ग्रामः: village
• ग्रामः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• तत्पुरुषः: tatpuruṣa (compound type)
• तत्पुरुषः: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत् (प्रातिपदिक) + पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); समास-नाम (तत्पुरुष-समासः)

• स्मृतः: is considered/remembered
• स्मृतः: Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया-भाव)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ (धातु) → स्मृत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (Past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; (तत्पुरुषः) इति विशेष्येण सह

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Classification of samāsa (compound) types with examples; emphasizes correct linguistic analysis.

Vedantic Theme: Śabda-pramāṇa (authority of verbal testimony) and disciplined cognition through precise categories.

Application: Use careful language and analysis in study, ritual recitation, and teaching; avoid semantic confusion by recognizing compound structures.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.206 (surrounding verses on grammatical categories and derivations)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the importance of samāsa (compound-formation) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse shows that the Garuda Purana also preserves traditional śāstric learning: understanding samāsa helps interpret dense scriptural Sanskrit accurately, preventing errors in ritual, dharma, and philosophical passages.

How does this verse explain the classification of compounds?

It states that six compound-types are taught and illustrates two technical categories—karmadhāraya and tatpuruṣa—by listing representative examples such as dvija, dvigu, and trivedī.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When reading mantras, stotras, or Purāṇic verses, identify compounds (samāsa) to get the correct meaning—especially in ritual instructions where a single compound can change the intended practice.