Shloka 8

Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras

Tense–Mood System

Devanagari script

ङसोसामश्च षष्ठी स्यात्स्वामिसम्बन्धमुख्यके / ङयोः सुपो वै सप्तमी स्यात्सा चाधिकरणे भवेत्

Transliteration

ṅasosāmaśca ṣaṣṭhī syātsvāmisambandhamukhyake / ṅayoḥ supo vai saptamī syātsā cādhikaraṇe bhavet

Translation

วิภัตติที่หกใช้กับปัจจัย ṅas, os และ sām โดยมากเพื่อแสดงความสัมพันธ์แห่งความเป็นเจ้าของหรือความเกี่ยวข้อง. วิภัตติที่เจ็ดใช้กับปัจจัย ṅi และ sup และทำหน้าที่เป็น ‘อธิกรณะ’ คือที่ตั้ง/ที่รองรับ (สถานที่).

Word by Word

• ङसोः: of the marker ‘ṅas’ (dual form)
• ङसोः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ङस् (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), द्विवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (genitive/ablative dual marker in pratyāhāra usage)

• आम्: the ending ‘-ām’
• आम्: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आम् (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (genitive plural ending marker)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• षष्ठी: the sixth (case)
• षष्ठी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-संज्ञा (name of the 6th case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• स्वामि-सम्बन्ध-मुख्यके: in the primary (sense) of owner-relationship
• स्वामि-सम्बन्ध-मुख्यके: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वामि (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (स्वामिसम्बन्धः यस्मिन् सः) + विशेषण (in the primary sense of ownership-relation)

• ङयोः: of the marker ‘ṅi’ (dual)
• ङयोः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ङि (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), द्विवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (locative dual marker in pratyāhāra usage)

• सुपः: of the sup-endings (nominal case endings)
• सुपः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुप् (प्रत्यय-समूहः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सुप्-प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (the set of nominal case endings)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• सप्तमी: the seventh (case)
• सप्तमी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्तमी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-संज्ञा (name of the 7th case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• सा: that (i.e., the seventh)
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (refers to सप्तमी)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अधिकरणे: in the locative/locus role (adhikaraṇa)
• अधिकरणे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिकरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कारक-नाम

• भवेत्: should be/become
• भवेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Genitive expresses ownership/association; locative expresses locus/adhikaraṇa—two distinct relational mappings in language.

Vedantic Theme: Sambandha (relation) as a cognitive category: ‘mine/of’ (ṣaṣṭhī) vs ‘in/on/at’ (saptamī) mirrors how mind structures reality.

Application: In ritual manuals and devotional stotras, keep ‘of’ (Vishṇoḥ nāma, pitṝṇāṃ) distinct from ‘in/at’ (tīrthe, gṛhe) to avoid doctrinal and procedural confusion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205: adhikaraṇa definition elaborated in 1.205.9; Pāṇini 2.3.50+ (ṣaṣṭhī), 2.3.36+ (saptamī) and kāraka discussions

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of ṣaṣṭhī (genitive) in this Garuda Purana verse?

It states that the sixth case is chiefly used to express ownership or relational connection (svāmi-sambandha), guiding correct interpretation of who/what belongs to whom in ślokas and ritual statements.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana?

This specific verse is grammatical rather than narrative; it supports accurate reading of doctrinal passages by clarifying how relations (genitive) and locations/loci (locative) are expressed in Sanskrit.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use these rules when reading or chanting: interpret ṣaṣṭhī as ‘of/belonging to’ and saptamī as ‘in/at/on’, which reduces misunderstanding in scripture study and ritual instructions.