Shloka 30

Oṣadhi-nāma-nirdeśa: Paryāya (Synonyms) of Herbs, Minerals, and Classical Measures

Devanagari script

तुगाक्षीरी शुभा वांशी विज्ञेया वंशलोचना / मृद्विका च स्मृता द्राक्षा तथा गोस्तनिका मता

Transliteration

tugākṣīrī śubhā vāṃśī vijñeyā vaṃśalocanā / mṛdvikā ca smṛtā drākṣā tathā gostanikā matā

Translation

พึงรู้ว่าไม้สมุนไพรชื่อ “ศุภา (Śubhā)” เรียกอีกนามว่า “วามศี (Vāṃśī)” และ “วามศโลจนา (Vaṃśalocanā)”. อีกทั้ง “มฤทวิกา (Mṛdvikā)” ถูกจดจำว่าเป็น “ทรากษา (Drākṣā)” คือองุ่น และยังถือว่าเรียก “โคสตนิกา (Gostanikā)” ด้วย

Word by Word

• तुग-क्षीरी: Tugākṣīrī (a plant name)
• तुग-क्षीरी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुग (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षीरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (determinative)

• शुभा: Śubhā (a plant name)
• शुभा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुभा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वांशी: Vāṃśī (a plant name)
• वांशी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वांशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विज्ञेया: should be known
• विज्ञेया: Kriya (Verbal predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (अनादरार्थ/विधेयार्थ—तव्यत्/य-प्रत्यय-सम्भव adjectival gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘to be known/should be understood’

• वंश-लोचना: Vaṃśalocanā (a plant name)
• वंश-लोचना: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वंश (प्रातिपदिक) + लोचना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (determinative)

• मृद्विका: Mṛdvikā (a plant name)
• मृद्विका: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृद्विका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• स्मृता: is known/remembered
• स्मृता: Kriya (Verbal predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय/PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• द्राक्षा: Drākṣā (grape)
• द्राक्षा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्राक्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: likewise/also
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• गो-स्तनिका: Gostanikā (a plant name)
• गो-स्तनिका: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) + स्तनिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (determinative)

• मता: is considered/known
• मता: Kriya (Verbal predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय/PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Bridging śāstric terminology and common usage to prevent misapplication.

Vedantic Theme: Vyavahāra-satya supported by accurate language; right naming enables right doing.

Application: In recipes, recognize that mṛdvikā = drākṣā (grape/raisins context) and that śubhā corresponds to vāṃśī/vaṃśalocanā to avoid substitution errors.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.204 (continuation of synonym identifications for dravyas)

Characters & Entities

• Lord Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the purpose of listing plant and fruit synonyms in the Garuda Purana?

This verse preserves traditional Sanskrit nomenclature by giving recognized alternate names, helping readers correctly identify substances referenced in dharma, diet, and traditional usage.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana teachings beyond afterlife topics?

It shows the text’s encyclopedic character: alongside karma and preta-related instruction, it also transmits practical cultural knowledge such as recognized names of plants and fruits.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a cross-reference when reading ritual or traditional-health passages: knowing that mṛdvikā and drākṣā refer to grapes (and related synonyms) reduces confusion in interpretation and practice.