Shloka 5

Prāṇeśvara Garuḍa-Mantra: Timing (Velā), Nāga-Grahas, Nyāsa, Haṃsa-Rite, and Viṣa-Cikitsā

Devanagari script

पूर्वं दिनपतिर्भुङ्क्ते अर्धयामं ततो ऽपरे / शेषा ग्रहाः प्रतिदिनं षट्संख्या परिवर्तनैः

Transliteration

pūrvaṃ dinapatirbhuṅkte ardhayāmaṃ tato 'pare / śeṣā grahāḥ pratidinaṃ ṣaṭsaṃkhyā parivartanaiḥ

Translation

เริ่มแรกพระอาทิตย์ ผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งวัน ครองกาลครึ่งยาม; ต่อจากนั้นดวงอื่น ๆ ครองสืบตามลำดับ. ส่วนดาวเคราะห์ที่เหลือจะผลัดเวรกันทุกวัน ตามวัฏจักรที่นับเป็นหกการเปลี่ยนแปลง.

Word by Word

• पूर्वम्: formerly; first; earlier
• पूर्वम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time adverbial/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• दिनपतिः: the lord of the day (Sun)
• दिनपतिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक) + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (दिनस्य पतिः)

• भुङ्क्ते: enjoys/consumes; takes
• भुङ्क्ते: Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• अर्धयामम्: half a watch (half-yāma)
• अर्धयामम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (यामस्य अर्धम्)

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time sequence/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• अपरे: the others (remaining ones)
• अपरे: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• शेषाः: remaining
• शेषाः: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (ग्रहाः)

• ग्रहाः: planets
• ग्रहाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• प्रतिदिनम्: every day
• प्रतिदिनम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time adverbial/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय) + दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• षट्संख्याः: having the number six; sixfold
• षट्संख्याः: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षट् (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक) + संख्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (ग्रहाः)

• परिवर्तनैः: by changes/turnings
• परिवर्तनैः: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवर्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla is structured; grahas preside in fixed turns, so actions should align with proper time divisions.

Vedantic Theme: R̥ta (cosmic order) as an expression of Īśvara’s governance through kāla.

Application: Use planetary/time divisions (yāma/horā-like turns) to choose appropriate timings for rites and disciplined daily conduct.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial sphere

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.19.6-1.19.9 (night sequence, nāga-bhoga, velā reckoning)

Characters & Entities

• Surya (Dinapati)
• Grahas (planets)

FAQs

What is the importance of graha rotation in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames time as a structured cosmic order where Surya and the other grahas take turns, implying that daily life unfolds under regulated planetary governance.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by emphasizing cosmic regulation (time and grahas), it supports the Purana’s broader view that karma and post-death outcomes operate within an ordered, law-governed universe.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain disciplined routines aligned with time (kāla) and ethical conduct (dharma), recognizing that life is best lived with awareness of order, cycles, and accountability.