Shloka 1

Dhanvantari’s Therapeutics: Jvara to Vraṇa

Fever, GI Disorders, Bleeding, Respiratory, Urinary, Swelling, and Wound Care

Devanagari script

नामैकोनसप्तत्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / ज्वरो ऽष्टधा पृथग्द्वन्द्वसंघातागन्तुजः स्मृतः / मुस्तपर्पटकोशीरचन्दनोदीच्यनागरैः / शृतशीतं जलं दद्यात्पिपासाज्वरशान्तये

Transliteration

nāmaikonasaptatyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / jvaro 'ṣṭadhā pṛthagdvandvasaṃghātāgantujaḥ smṛtaḥ / mustaparpaṭakośīracandanodīcyanāgaraiḥ / śṛtaśītaṃ jalaṃ dadyātpipāsājvaraśāntaye

Translation

ท่านธันวัญตริกล่าวว่า—ไข้มีแปดประการ คือเกิดจากเหตุเดี่ยว เหตุคู่ เหตุรวม และเหตุภายนอก (อาคันตุชะ). ควรให้น้ำต้มกับมุสตะ ปรปฏะ โกศีระ จันทน์ อุทีจยะ และนาคาร แล้วปล่อยให้เย็น เพื่อบรรเทาความกระหายและสงบไข้.

Word by Word

• नाम: (as) name/entitled
• नाम: Sambandha (Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/पदपूरण-अव्यय (quotative/marker: ‘named/indeed’)

• एकोनसप्तत्यधिकशततमः: the 169th
• एकोनसप्तत्यधिकशततमः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक) + ऊन (प्रातिपदिक) + सप्तति (प्रातिपदिक) + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक) + शततम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; संख्यावाचक-समासः (एकोनसप्तति-अधिक-शततमः = 169th)

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Speaker/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• ज्वरः: fever
• ज्वरः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अष्टधा: eightfold
• अष्टधा: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अष्टन् (प्रातिपदिक) + धा (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: संख्यावाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘in eight ways’)

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: separately)

• द्वन्द्वसंघातागन्तुजः: arising from an external aggregate of paired factors
• द्वन्द्वसंघातागन्तुजः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक) + संघात (प्रातिपदिक) + आगन्तुज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहु-तत्पुरुषः (द्वन्द्वस्य संघातः; आगन्तुजः = external/caused by external factors)

• स्मृतः: is considered
• स्मृतः: Kriya (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्मृ (धातु) + त (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त/त-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘is said/considered’

• मुस्तपर्पटकोशीरचन्दनोदीच्यनागरैः: with musta, parpaṭa, uśīra, sandal, uदीच्य, and dry ginger
• मुस्तपर्पटकोशीरचन्दनोदीच्यनागरैः: Karana (Instrument/Means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुस्त (प्रातिपदिक) + पर्पट (प्रातिपदिक) + उशीर (प्रातिपदिक) + चन्दन (प्रातिपदिक) + उदीच्य (प्रातिपदिक) + नागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वसमासः (list of drugs)

• शृतशीतम्: boiled and cooled
• शृतशीतम्: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शृत (प्रातिपदिक; √श्रु/√श्रि? here √श्रु/√श्रि not; correct: √श्रु? actually √श्रि not; intended √श्रु?; culinary ‘boiled’ from √श्रु?; standard is √श्रु/√श्रि?; better: √श्रु (धातु) + क्त; and शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; द्वन्द्वार्थः (शृतं च शीतं च = boiled and cooled)

• जलम्: water
• जलम्: Karma (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• पिपासाज्वरशान्तये: for the alleviation of thirst and fever
• पिपासाज्वरशान्तये: Sampradana (Purpose/Dative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिपासा (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्वर (प्रातिपदिक) + शान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पिपासायाः ज्वरस्य च शान्तिः)

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Roga-viveka (classification of disease) and pathya-aushadha (appropriate remedy) to restore balance.

Vedantic Theme: Order/knowledge applied to reduce duhkha; right means (upaya) for sustaining the body as a vehicle of dharma.

Application: For fever with thirst, prepare a decoction-water with musta, parpata, koshira, candana, udicya, and nagara; boil, cool, and administer appropriately.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.169.63 (water as anupana relieving thirst/fatigue); Garuda Purana 1.169.64-65 (disease avoidance and symptom recognition)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari

FAQs

How does the Garuda Purana classify fever (jvara) in this verse?

It presents fever as eightfold, including types arising independently, from dual causes, from combined causes, and from external/agantu factors.

What remedy is recommended here for thirst with fever?

Cooled water prepared by boiling it with musta, parpaṭa, kośīra (vetiver), candana (sandalwood), udīcya, and nāgara (dry ginger).

Practical application of this wisdom today?

It highlights a supportive hydration approach during fever—cool, herb-infused water—while recognizing different causes of fever and the need for appropriate treatment.