Shloka 4

Devanagari script

तस्योक्ते दोषविज्ञाने कर्म प्राकृतवैकृतम् / समासव्यासतो दोषभेदानामवधार्य च

Transliteration

tasyokte doṣavijñāne karma prākṛtavaikṛtam / samāsavyāsato doṣabhedānāmavadhārya ca

Translation

เมื่อได้สอนความรู้เรื่องโทษะแล้ว พึงรู้ว่ากรรมมีสองอย่าง คือ ปรากฤตะ (โดยธรรมชาติ) และ ไวกฤตะ (ที่แปรปรวน/ถูกกระตุ้น) และพึงกำหนดความแตกต่างของโทษะทั้งโดยย่อและโดยพิสดาร

Word by Word

• tasya: of him; his
• tasya: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• ukte: when (it is) stated
• ukte: Adhikaraṇa (Circumstantial locus)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vac (धातु) → ukta (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP) ‘ukta’ as locative absolute; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (सप्तमी-तत्समये: 'when it is said')

• doṣa: doṣa; bodily humor/fault
• doṣa: Samāsa-aṅga (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• vijñāne: in the knowledge of doṣas
• vijñāne: Adhikaraṇa (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijñāna (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; (doṣa-vijñāna) षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः

• karma: action; procedure
• karma: Karma/Pradhāna (Object/topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विधेय-शब्द (topic/predicate base)

• prākṛta: natural; ordinary
• prākṛta: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prākṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• vaikṛtam: and modified/abnormal
• vaikṛtam: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vaikṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (prākṛta-vaikṛta) द्वन्द्वः (itaretara) as a pair qualifying karma

• samāsa: in brief (summary)
• samāsa: Samāsa-aṅga (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• vyāsa: in detail (expansion)
• vyāsa: Samāsa-aṅga (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• -tas: from the standpoint of
• -tas: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: -tas (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) forming avyayībhāva with samāsa-vyāsa

• doṣa: doṣa
• doṣa: Samāsa-aṅga (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• bhedānām: of the divisions (types) of doṣas
• bhedānām: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bheda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; (doṣa-bheda) षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः

• avadhārya: having determined; having ascertained
• avadhārya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Absolutive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ava-√dhṛ (धातु) + य (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having ascertained)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (continuing instruction to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Twofold karma (prākṛta/vaikṛta) and systematic ascertainment of doṣa-divisions in summary and detail—epistemic rigor in diagnosis.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāṇa and viveka: correct discrimination and categorization as prerequisites for right action; knowledge precedes effective karma.

Application: Use structured frameworks: distinguish baseline constitution/natural processes from induced/pathological changes; document doṣa subtypes and presentations at both overview and granular levels.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: śāstric classroom discourse

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.166.5 (fivefold vaikṛta activity elaboration)

Characters & Entities

• Doṣas
• Karma

FAQs

What does prākṛta and vaikṛta karma mean in the Garuda Purana?

Prākṛta refers to actions arising from one’s inherent disposition, while vaikṛta refers to actions shaped or modified by deliberate choice, influence, or cultivated habits.

How does this verse help in understanding sins and their consequences?

It recommends systematic identification of doṣa-types—briefly and in detail—so one can recognize harmful patterns and correct them before consequences mature.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Track actions as ‘natural impulses’ versus ‘chosen modifications,’ then reduce the doṣa-causing choices through restraint, confession, and corrective practice.