Shloka 5

Udara-roga Nidāna: Causes, Doṣa-Types, Spleen/Liver Enlargement, and Udakodara

Devanagari script

नष्टचेष्टबलाहाराः कृतप्रध्मात् कुक्षयः / पुरुषाः स्युः प्रेतरूपा भाविनस्तस्य लक्षणम्

Transliteration

naṣṭaceṣṭabalāhārāḥ kṛtapradhmāt kukṣayaḥ / puruṣāḥ syuḥ pretarūpā bhāvinastasya lakṣaṇam

Translation

ผู้ที่ความเคลื่อนไหว กำลัง และความอยากอาหารเสื่อมสิ้น และท้องพองด้วยลม—ย่อมมีลักษณะดุจเปรต; นี่คือเครื่องหมายแห่งความตายที่กำลังจะมาถึง.

Word by Word

• नष्ट: lost, destroyed
• नष्ट: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नश् (धातु) → नष्ट (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), विशेषणरूपेण; पुल्लिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचन (ceṣṭā-balāhārāḥ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• चेष्टा: activity, effort
• चेष्टा: Samasa-anga (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेष्टा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद (चेष्टा-बल-आहाराः)

• बल: strength
• बल: Samasa-anga (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद (चेष्टा-बल-आहाराः)

• आहाराः: activity, strength, and food (intake)
• आहाराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; समासः (चेष्टा-बल-आहाराः) इतरेतरद्वन्द्वः; नष्ट इति विशेषणेन विशेषितम्

• कृत: made, caused
• कृत: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), विशेषणरूपेण; पुल्लिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचन (कुक्षयः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• प्रध्मात: swollen, distended
• प्रध्मात: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + ध्मा (धातु) → प्रध्मात (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), विशेषणरूपेण; पुल्लिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचन (कुक्षयः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• कुक्षयः: bellies/abdomens
• कुक्षयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुक्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• पुरुषाः: men, persons
• पुरुषाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन

• स्युः: would be, may become
• स्युः: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• प्रेतरूपाः: having the form of a preta (departed spirit)
• प्रेतरूपाः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रेत (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रेतस्य रूपम्); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; पुरुषाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• भाविनः: future, impending
• भाविनः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भू (धातु) → भाविन् (कृदन्त/णिनि-प्रत्यय)
• Form: णिनि-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (भाविन् = भविष्यत्/आगामि); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; (लक्षणानि) इत्यर्थे

• तस्य: of that (person/state)
• तस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन

• लक्षणम्: sign, symptom
• लक्षणम्: Karma/Predicate-noun (Object or predicate/कर्म-प्राय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; वाक्ये विधेय/उपपद (इति अर्थे)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vainateya)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The body exhibits premonitory signs of death; awareness of impermanence prompts timely spiritual and practical preparation.

Vedantic Theme: Anityatva (impermanence of the body) and dehātma-bhrānti correction—distinguishing self from bodily decline.

Application: Recognize end-of-life signs; reduce attachment, settle duties, intensify remembrance of Vishnu, and arrange proper last rites and family guidance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: descriptions of preta-lakṣaṇa and the soul’s post-death passage (general parallel themes); Garuda Purana: sections on antima-kāla smaraṇa and śrāddha necessity (general parallel themes)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Pretas

FAQs

What is meant by “preta-rūpa” in this verse of the Garuda Purana?

“Preta-rūpa” indicates a person appearing like one already departing—showing marked decline (loss of activity, strength, appetite, and bloating), signaling the transition toward death.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By identifying pre-death collapse as a threshold, it sets the narrative stage for the post-death journey described later—where the jīva moves into the preta condition and requires rites and remembrance of dharma.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

It encourages families to respond with compassion, spiritual focus, and timely arrangements for care and rites, rather than denial when clear end-of-life decline appears.