Shloka 4

Udara-roga Nidāna: Causes, Doṣa-Types, Spleen/Liver Enlargement, and Udakodara

Devanagari script

पृथग्दोषैः समस्तौश्च प्लीहवङ्क्षक्षतोदकैः / तेनार्ताः शुष्कताल्वोष्ठाः सर्वपादकरोदराः

Transliteration

pṛthagdoṣaiḥ samastauśca plīhavaṅkṣakṣatodakaiḥ / tenārtāḥ śuṣkatālvoṣṭhāḥ sarvapādakarodarāḥ

Translation

เมื่อถูกรบกวนด้วยโทษะทั้งแยกกันหรือพร้อมกัน และด้วยโรคม้าม ปวดสีข้าง/ขาหนีบ รวมทั้งความซูบผอมหรือการสูญเสียน้ำผิดปกติ ย่อมทุกข์ระทม เพดานปากและริมฝีปากแห้งผาก ทั้งเท้า มือ และท้องล้วนถูกกระทบด้วยความเจ็บร้อนนั้น

Word by Word

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: separately)

• दोषैः: by doṣas (humors)
• दोषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• समस्तैः: collectively (all together)
• समस्तैः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्लीह-वङ्क्ष-क्षत-उदकैः: by (conditions of) spleen, groin, injury, and fluid (dropsy)
• प्लीह-वङ्क्ष-क्षत-उदकैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लीह (प्रातिपदिक) + वङ्क्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षत (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (प्लीहादीनि)

• तेन: thereby, by that
• तेन: Karana/Hetu (Instrument/Cause/करण-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• आर्ताः: afflicted
• आर्ताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• शुष्क-तालु-ओष्ठाः: having dry palate and lips
• शुष्क-तालु-ओष्ठाः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुष्क (प्रातिपदिक) + तालु (प्रातिपदिक) + ओष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (शुष्के तालु-ओष्ठे यस्य)

• सर्व-पाद-कर-उदराः: with swelling of all feet, hands, and abdomen
• सर्व-पाद-कर-उदराः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + पाद (प्रातिपदिक) + कर (प्रातिपदिक) + उदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि-समासः (सर्वे पादाः कराः उदरं च यस्य/येषाम्)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Disease can be dosha-specific or tridoshic; organ involvement (spleen/flanks) and fluid derangement manifest as dryness and generalized swelling—observe systemic signs, not isolated symptoms.

Vedantic Theme: Interdependence (paraspara-sambandha) of parts within the body; holistic seeing as right knowledge.

Application: When dryness of lips/palate and swelling of extremities accompany abdominal issues, treat as systemic pathology; evaluate fluid balance, organ enlargement, and multi-dosha involvement promptly.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.161.1-3 (mandagni → mala-sanchaya → vayu dushti → udararoga classification)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of bodily death-signs in the Garuda Purana?

This verse lists specific physical deteriorations (dry palate/lips, systemic affliction and swelling-like symptoms) used as traditional indicators that life-force is failing, prompting timely dharmic preparations and rites.

How does this verse connect to the Garuda Purana’s description of the preta state?

It frames a cluster of debilitating symptoms as preta-like markers, implying the person’s vitality is collapsing toward the transitional condition discussed in the Garuda Purana’s after-death narrative.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder for timely spiritual and family duties—settling obligations, remembering dharma, and arranging last rites—rather than delaying until the final crisis.