Shloka 48

Vishnu-sahasranāma-style Japa: Vishnu as Cosmic Cause and Inner Self

Antaryāmin

Devanagari script

सुपर्णो च महापर्णो सुपर्णस्य च कारण्(२९०) / वैनतेयस्तथादित्य आदिरादिकरः शिवः

Transliteration

suparṇo ca mahāparṇo suparṇasya ca kāraṇ(290) / vainateyastathāditya ādirādikaraḥ śivaḥ

Translation

พระองค์คือสุปรรณะและมหาปรรณะ เป็นเหตุแห่งสุปรรณะด้วย พระองค์คือไวณเตยะและอาทิตยะ เป็นปฐมและผู้ก่อกำเนิดทั้งปวง—ศิวะ

Word by Word

• सुपर्णः: Suparṇa (Garuda)
• सुपर्णः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• महापर्णः: Mahāparṇa
• महापर्णः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महापर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; महा + पर्ण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (महान् पर्णः इति)

• सुपर्णस्य: of Suparṇa
• सुपर्णस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th case), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कारणम्: cause
• कारणम्: Pradhana-predication (Predicate nominal/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd case), एकवचन

• वैनतेयः: Vainateya (son of Vinatā, Garuḍa)
• वैनतेयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैनतेय (प्रातिपदिक; विनता-अपत्य)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (विनतायाः अपत्यं)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• आदित्यः: Āditya (Sun)
• आदित्यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन

• आदिः: the beginning, first
• आदिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन

• आदिकरः: maker of the beginning; originator
• आदिकरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदिकर (प्रातिपदिक; आदि + कर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (आदिं करोति इति/आदेः कर्ता)

• शिवः: Śiva (auspicious one)
• शिवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st case), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuḍa/Vainateya) — typical Garuḍa Purāṇa dialogue frame

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The Supreme is the source and identity behind diverse divine names and cosmic functions.

Vedantic Theme: Saguna-to-Nirguna pointer; ekam sat—many names; īśvara as upādāna-nimitta-kāraṇa (material and efficient cause).

Application: Use nāma-smaraṇa and contemplative reflection to see unity behind apparent plurality; cultivate non-sectarian devotion centered on the Supreme.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Brahma-khanda/early adhyayas): nāma-stuti passages identifying the Lord as the cause of causes (kāraṇa-kāraṇam); Garuda Purana: Vishnu-sahasranāma style enumerations in related stotra sections

Characters & Entities

• Suparṇa (Garuḍa epithet)
• Mahāparṇa
• Vainateya (Garuḍa)
• Āditya (Sun)
• Śiva

FAQs

What is the importance of listing divine epithets in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions like a stotra: it condenses theology into sacred names, teaching devotees to contemplate divine qualities (origin, power, auspiciousness) through remembrance and recitation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by elevating the mind through devotion and right contemplation of the divine, it supports dharma and inner purification—foundational themes that the Garuḍa Purāṇa links to one’s post-death destiny.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use the verse as a short daily remembrance (nāma-smaraṇa): reflecting on “ādī/ādikara” (the primal source) encourages humility, ethical restraint, and steadiness in spiritual practice.