Shloka 123

Vishnu-sahasranāma-style Japa: Vishnu as Cosmic Cause and Inner Self

Antaryāmin

Devanagari script

मोक्षो ऽध्यात्मसमाविष्टः स्तुतिः स्तोता च पूजकः / पूज्यो(७५०)वाक् करणं चैव वाच्यं चैव तु वाचकः

Transliteration

mokṣo 'dhyātmasamāviṣṭaḥ stutiḥ stotā ca pūjakaḥ / pūjyo(750)vāk karaṇaṃ caiva vācyaṃ caiva tu vācakaḥ

Translation

โมกษะคือภาวะที่แนบแน่นอยู่ในอาตมันภายใน; ทั้งบทสรรเสริญ ผู้สรรเสริญ และผู้บูชาก็คือพระองค์. ผู้ควรบูชาคือพระองค์; วาจาและเครื่องมือแห่งวาจา ตลอดจนความหมายที่กล่าวและผู้กล่าว ล้วนคือพระองค์.

Word by Word

• mokṣaḥ: liberation
• mokṣaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• adhyātma-samāviṣṭaḥ: immersed in the inner self/spirituality
• adhyātma-samāviṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adhyātma (प्रातिपदिक) + samā-√viś (धातु) → samāviṣṭa (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), विशेषण

• stutiḥ: praise, hymn
• stutiḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: stuti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• stotā: praiser
• stotā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: stotṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तृ-प्रत्ययान्त (agent noun)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• pūjakaḥ: worshipper
• pūjakaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūjaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क-प्रत्ययान्त (agent noun)

• pūjyaḥ: worthy of worship
• pūjyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūjya (प्रातिपदिक; √pūj + यत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive), विशेषण

• vāk: speech
• vāk: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāc (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; पदान्ते क्-आदेश (vāk)

• karaṇam: instrument, means
• karaṇam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• vācyam: that which is to be said; expressible
• vācyam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vācya (प्रातिपदिक; √vac + यत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• tu: but, indeed
• tu: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक अव्यय (adversative/emphatic particle)

• vācakaḥ: speaker; denoter
• vācakaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vācaka (प्रातिपदिक; √vac + ण्वुल्/क)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The Supreme as the immanent Self and as the ground of all relational triads—praise/praiser/praised; speech/instrument; meaning/expresser.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman as both nimitta-upadana (intelligent and material cause) and as the witness in whom all linguistic and devotional distinctions appear.

Application: Use mantra and stuti as a contemplative inquiry: trace speech and meaning back to the witnessing Self; cultivate seeing worshipper and worshipped as one Reality.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.15.124-127 (continuation of Vishnu’s all-pervading identifications)

FAQs

What is the importance of adhyatma (inner Self) for moksha in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames moksha as being grounded in adhyatma—liberation arises from absorption in the inner Self, not merely from external acts.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Rather than describing post-death travel, it emphasizes the inner principle behind liberation: right orientation to the Self, supported by devotional acts like praise and worship.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Combine worship and praise with inward self-inquiry: align speech (vāk) and meaning (vācya) with spiritual intent, so practice becomes self-transforming rather than purely ritual.