Shloka 10

Mahābhārata-saṅkṣepa and Avatāra-kāraṇa

Brahmā’s Synopsis of the Epic and the Logic of Divine Descents

Devanagari script

कुरुपाण्डवयोर्वैरं दैवयो गाद्बभूव ह / दुर्योधनेनाधीरेण पाण्डवाः समुपद्रुताः

Transliteration

kurupāṇḍavayorvairaṃ daivayo gādbabhūva ha / duryodhanenādhīreṇa pāṇḍavāḥ samupadrutāḥ

Translation

ความเป็นศัตรูระหว่างกุรุและปาณฑพเกิดขึ้นด้วยการประจวบแห่งชะตา; และเพราะทุรโยธน์ผู้ใจร้อน ปาณฑพทั้งหลายจึงถูกเบียดเบียนอย่างหนัก.

Word by Word

• कुरुपाण्डवयोः: of the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas
• कुरुपाण्डवयोः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन; ‘कुरवः च पाण्डवाः च’

• वैरम्: enmity
• वैरम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; अत्र कर्तृ/कर्मभावे (contextual)

• दैवयोगात्: due to fate/by divine dispensation
• दैवयोगात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव (प्रातिपदिक) + योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (cause)

• बभूव: arose/became
• बभूव: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed
• ह: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), कथन-प्रत्यय (emphatic/indeed)

• दुर्योधनेन: by Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनेन: Karana/Agent-instrument (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• अधीरेण: impatient/impetuous
• अधीरेण: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (दुर्योधनेन)

• पाण्डवाः: the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• समुपद्रुताः: were harassed/afflicted
• समुपद्रुताः: Karma (Object state/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + उप + द्रु (धातु) → उपद्रुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (पाण्डवाः)

Speaker

Likely Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinatā-putra), subject to recension/edition variation

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Daiva (destiny) and human agency intertwine; impatience and envy catalyze conflict and suffering.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala and the binding power of rāga-dveṣa (attachment-aversion) leading to saṃsāric turmoil.

Application: Recognize triggers like impatience and envy; practice restraint and conflict de-escalation to prevent karmic spirals.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: royal capital/court

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.145.11-13 (consequences and subsequent events)

Characters & Entities

• Kurus
• Pandavas
• Duryodhana
• Daiva (destiny)

FAQs

What is the importance of destiny (daiva) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames major historical suffering as arising from daiva-yoga (a fated convergence), while still highlighting human moral failure—here, Duryodhana’s lack of self-control—as the immediate driver of harm.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by emphasizing that conflict and harassment arise from a mix of destiny and character, it supports the Purana’s broader ethic that one’s conduct (self-control vs. agitation) shapes karmic outcomes that later affect the soul’s post-death trajectory.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate steadiness and restraint (dhairya) in conflict; even when circumstances feel “fated,” avoid reactive decisions that create avoidable suffering and future karmic entanglements.