Shloka 4

Vratas, Nakṣatra Observances, Naivedya Rules, and Tithi-wise Devatā Worship

Devanagari script

अमावस्यां पितॄणां च दत्तं जलादितदक्षयम् / नक्ताभ्याशी वारनाम्ना यजन्वाराणि सर्वभाक्

Transliteration

amāvasyāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ca dattaṃ jalāditadakṣayam / naktābhyāśī vāranāmnā yajanvārāṇi sarvabhāk

Translation

ในวันอมาวาสยา เครื่องบูชาน้ำและสิ่งอื่นที่ถวายแก่ปิตฤย่อมเป็นทานไม่เสื่อมสูญ ผู้ใดฉันเฉพาะยามค่ำและบูชาตามข้อปฏิบัติแห่งวัน (วาร) อย่างถูกพิธี ย่อมเป็นผู้รับส่วนบุญทั้งปวง

Word by Word

• अमावस्याम्: on the new-moon day
• अमावस्याम्: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमावस्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (Loc. sg.)

• पितॄणाम्: of the ancestors
• पितॄणाम्: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन (Gen. pl.)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• दत्तम्: given, offered
• दत्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (धातु) + त (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg.); भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘given/offered’

• जलादि: water and the like
• जलादि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg.); तत्पुरुषः/समाहार-द्वन्द्वार्थः ‘जलम् आदि यस्य’ (water etc.)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (Demonstrative/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg.); सर्वनाम-विशेषणम्

• अक्षयम्: imperishable, inexhaustible
• अक्षयम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अक्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg.); विशेषणम् (qualifies the offering/result)

• नक्ताभ्याशी: one who eats only at night
• नक्ताभ्याशी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नक्त + अभ्याशी (अश् धातु; कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom. sg.); कृदन्तः ‘अभ्याशी’ (habitual eater) with तत्पुरुषः—नक्तं अभ्यश्नाति (eats at night only)

• वारनाम्ना: by the weekday-name
• वारनाम्ना: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (Instr. sg.); तत्पुरुषः (वारस्य नाम्ना = by the name of the weekday)

• यजन्: worshipping, sacrificing
• यजन्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यज् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom. sg.); वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle)

• वाराणि: the weekdays (vows/days)
• वाराणि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (Acc. pl.)

• सर्वभाक्: obtaining all (benefits), partaking of all
• सर्वभाक्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व + भाज् (धातु) (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom. sg.); ‘भाक्’ (one who partakes/obtains) from √भाज्; तत्पुरुषः (सर्वं भजते/भुङ्क्ते)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue with Garuḍa)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Amāvasyā

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Pitṛ-kārya performed on Amāvasyā yields imperishable merit; regulated diet and observance amplify spiritual ‘share’ of merit.

Vedantic Theme: Ṛṇa-traya (debt to ancestors) and dharmic continuity; karma accrues through śraddhā and proper kāla.

Application: Perform tarpaṇa with water (and appropriate offerings) on Amāvasyā; adopt naktabhojana (night-only meal) and consistent vrata discipline.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ritual_calendar

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-prakaraṇa themes: akṣaya-tarpaṇa and Pitṛ-tṛpti)

Characters & Entities

• Pitṛs
• Amāvasyā

FAQs

What is the importance of Amāvasyā offerings to the Pitṛs in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse states that water and related offerings made to the ancestors on Amāvasyā yield akṣaya (inexhaustible) results, making the day especially potent for Pitṛ-tarpaṇa and related rites.

How does this verse connect ritual discipline with spiritual merit?

It links disciplined observances—such as eating only at night and worship aligned with prescribed day-based practices—to becoming a recipient of comprehensive ritual merit, emphasizing regulated conduct (ācāra) as spiritually efficacious.

Practical application of this teaching today?

Perform simple ancestor libations (water offering with remembrance) on Amāvasyā, and adopt modest self-discipline (dietary restraint and regular worship) to cultivate steadiness, gratitude to lineage, and dharmic living.