Shloka 19

Vratas, Nakṣatra Observances, Naivedya Rules, and Tithi-wise Devatā Worship

Devanagari script

द्वादश्यां च हरिः कामस्त्रयोदश्यां महेश्वरः / चतुर्दश्यां पञ्चदश्यां ब्रह्मा च पितरो ऽपरे

Transliteration

dvādaśyāṃ ca hariḥ kāmastrayodaśyāṃ maheśvaraḥ / caturdaśyāṃ pañcadaśyāṃ brahmā ca pitaro 'pare

Translation

ในวันทวาทศีควรบูชาพระหริ; วันตรโยทศีบูชากามเทพ; วันจตุรทศีบูชามเหศวร; และวันปัญจทศีบูชาพรหมาและเหล่าปิตฤอื่น ๆ (บรรพชน)۔

Word by Word

• द्वादश्याम्: on the twelfth (day)
• द्वादश्याम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• हरिः: Hari (Viṣṇu)
• हरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कामः: Kāma (god of desire)
• कामः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the thirteenth (day)
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• महेश्वरः: Maheśvara (Śiva)
• महेश्वरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• चतुर्दश्याम्: on the fourteenth (day)
• चतुर्दश्याम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्दशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• पञ्चदश्याम्: on the fifteenth (day)
• पञ्चदश्याम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• ब्रह्मा: Brahmā
• ब्रह्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (प्रातिपदिकः ब्रह्मन्; रूपम् ब्रह्मा)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पितरः: the Pitṛs (ancestors)
• पितरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (पितरः)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Purnima (15th tithi) context implied; pitri honoring associated with parvan days (Purnima/Amavasya).

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual duty includes both deity-worship and ancestral honoring, structured by lunar time.

Vedantic Theme: Interconnectedness of devas, pitṛs, and humans through yajña/offerings; dharma sustains the cosmic network.

Application: On Dvadasi worship Hari; on Trayodashi honor Kama; on Chaturdashi worship Maheshvara; on Purnima honor Brahma and Pitrs with appropriate offerings and purity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.137.18 (preceding tithi-devata sequence); Garuda Purana sections on shraddha/pitri rites elsewhere in the text (Pitri-kalpa themes)

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Vishnu)
• Kama
• Maheshvara (Shiva)
• Brahma
• Pitris

FAQs

What is the importance of tithi-based worship in the Garuda Purana?

This verse maps specific lunar days (tithis) to presiding deities, showing that rituals and worship gain appropriateness and potency when aligned with the tithi’s deity.

How does this verse connect to Pitṛ (ancestor) rites in the Garuda Purana?

It explicitly includes the Pitṛs on the fifteenth tithi, indicating that ancestral propitiation is especially relevant on that lunar day alongside worship of Brahmā and other Pitṛ-deities.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use the lunar calendar to time worship: Viṣṇu devotion on Dvādaśī, Śiva on Caturdaśī, and include Pitṛ remembrance/offerings on the fifteenth tithi as appropriate to one’s tradition.