Shloka 3

Ekādaśī-Vrata Nirṇaya: Avoiding Daśamī-Viddha and Establishing Trimīśrā

Devanagari script

द्वादश्येकादशी यत्र तत्र सन्निहितो हरिः / दशम्येकादशी यत्र तत्र सन्निहितो ऽसुरः / बहुवाक्यविरोधेन सन्देहो जायते यदा

Transliteration

dvādaśyekādaśī yatra tatra sannihito hariḥ / daśamyekādaśī yatra tatra sannihito 'suraḥ / bahuvākyavirodhena sandeho jāyate yadā

Translation

ที่ใดเอกาทศีต่อเนื่องถึงทวาทศี ที่นั่นพระหริสถิตอยู่; แต่ที่ใดเอกาทศีต่อเนื่องถึงทศมี ที่นั่นอสูรสถิตอยู่ เมื่อถ้อยคำมากมายขัดแย้งกัน ความสงสัยย่อมเกิดขึ้น

Word by Word

• द्वादशी-एकादशी: (the conjunction of) Dvādaśī and Ekādaśī
• द्वादशी-एकादशी: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक) + एकादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः—द्वादशी च एकादशी च (समाहार/युगल-निर्देश)

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (सम्बन्ध-अव्यय/स्थानवाचक) — ‘where’

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (स्थानवाचक) — ‘there’

• सन्निहितः: present/near
• सन्निहितः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-धा/हित (धातु √धा with नि उपसर्ग; ‘निहित’ कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय) ‘निहित’; उपसर्ग-संयोगेन ‘सन्निहित’ (सम् + निहित); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• हरिः: Hari (Vishnu)
• हरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• दशमी-एकादशी: (the conjunction of) Daśamī and Ekādaśī
• दशमी-एकादशी: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशमी (प्रातिपदिक) + एकादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः—दशमी च एकादशी च

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (स्थानवाचक) — ‘where’

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (स्थानवाचक) — ‘there’

• सन्निहितः: present/near
• सन्निहितः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-धा/हित (धातु √धा with नि उपसर्ग; ‘निहित’ कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• असुरः: an asura/demon
• असुरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• बहु-वाक्य-विरोधेन: by the contradiction of many statements
• बहु-वाक्य-विरोधेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक) + वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक) + विरोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; समासः—बहूनां वाक्यानां विरोधः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष), तेन

• सन्देहः: doubt
• सन्देहः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्देह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• जायते: arises
• जायते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपदम्

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक) — ‘when’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra in the Garuda Purana dialogue frame)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla-śuddhi governs spiritual efficacy: Ekādaśī aligned with Dvādaśī is divinely charged; if viddhā by Daśamī it is tainted. Conflicting authorities produce saṃdeha, requiring nirṇaya.

Vedantic Theme: Discernment (viveka) applied to dharma; the same outward act differs by subtle conditions, reflecting guṇa/kāla conditioning of results.

Application: Prefer Ekādaśī that extends into Dvādaśī; avoid Daśamī-viddhā. When texts/calendars disagree, seek a consistent nirṇaya method (sunrise rule, local tradition, competent ācārya).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: tithi-boundary (temporal locus rather than spatial)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.125.4-6 (resolution rules: accept Dvādaśī, pāraṇa on Trayodaśī; Trimiśrā)

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Vishnu)
• Asura

FAQs

What is the importance of Ekādaśī timing (tithi overlap) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse stresses that the spiritual fruit of Ekādaśī depends on correct tithi alignment: Ekādaśī associated with Dvādaśī is considered Viṣṇu-aligned, while overlap with Daśamī is treated as inauspicious.

How does this verse address confusion caused by contradictory instructions?

It explicitly notes that when multiple scriptural or traditional statements conflict, doubt naturally arises—implying the need for careful tithi determination and consistent authoritative guidance.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Follow a reliable pañcāṅga (Hindu calendar) and a consistent tradition/teacher for Ekādaśī determination, ensuring the fast aligns properly with the Ekādaśī–Dvādaśī window rather than a Daśamī overlap.