Shloka 1

Agastya Arghya Vrata—Timing, Mantra, and Dāna फल

Devanagari script

शततमो ऽध्यायः ब्रह्मोवाच / अगस्त्यार्घ्यव्रतं वक्ष्ये भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदायकम् / अप्राप्ते भास्करे कन्यां सति भागे त्रिभिर्दिनैः

Transliteration

śatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ brahmovāca / agastyārghyavrataṃ vakṣye bhuktimuktipradāyakam / aprāpte bhāskare kanyāṃ sati bhāge tribhirdinaiḥ

Translation

พระพรหมตรัสว่า “เราจักกล่าวถึงอคัสตยะ-อรรฆยะ-วัตร ซึ่งประทานทั้งความสุขทางโลกและโมกษะ เมื่อดวงอาทิตย์ยังไม่ขึ้น และเมื่อในช่วงเวลาที่กำหนดยังเหลืออีกสามวัน พึงประกอบพิธีนี้ร่วมกับกัญญา (หญิงพรหมจารี)”

Word by Word

• शततमः: hundredth
• शततमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शततम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; अध्यायः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ब्रह्मा: Brahmā
• ब्रह्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• अगस्ति: Agastya
• अगस्ति: Sambandha (Compound-member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अगस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (stem form)

• अर्घ्य: offering (arghya)
• अर्घ्य: Sambandha (Compound-member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (stem form)

• व्रतम्: vow
• व्रतम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वक्ष्ये: I will explain
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (simple future); उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• भुक्ति: enjoyment
• भुक्ति: Sambandha (Compound-member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (stem form)

• मुक्ति: liberation
• मुक्ति: Sambandha (Compound-member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (stem form)

• प्रदायकम्: bestowing
• प्रदायकम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + दा (धातु) + ण्वुल् (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त-विशेषण (agentive: giver); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; व्रतम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• अप्राप्ते: when (it is) not reached
• अप्राप्ते: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्राप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; भास्करे इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (locative absolute)

• भास्करे: in the sun (i.e., before sunrise)
• भास्करे: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-योगे (locative absolute)

• कन्याम्: a maiden
• कन्याम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सति: when there is/being
• सति: Adhikarana (Locative-absolute/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अस् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; सप्तमी-सम्बन्धे अव्ययीभाववत् (locative absolute marker: 'while/when being')

• भागे: at the time/portion
• भागे: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-योगे

• त्रिभिः: by three
• त्रिभिः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंस; तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन; दिनैः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दिनैः: days
• दिनैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speaker

Brahmā

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: A vrata can be structured to yield both worldly well-being (bhukti) and liberation (mukti), implying graded fruits culminating in spiritual release.

Vedantic Theme: Integration of pravṛtti (worldly order) and nivṛtti (liberation) within purāṇic sādhanā; ritual as a support for inner purification leading toward mokṣa.

Application: Undertake disciplined observances at liminal times (before sunrise) with clear timing rules; keep the higher aim (mukti) explicit even while seeking orderly worldly life.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.119.2 (arghya to Agastya; vigil at pradoṣa); Garuda Purana vrata catalogues elsewhere (general internal parallel)

Characters & Entities

• Brahmā
• Agastya
• Bhāskara (Sun)

FAQs

What is the importance of the Agastyārghya-vrata in the Garuda Purana?

This verse introduces it as a vow that grants both bhukti (worldly well-being) and mukti (liberation), marking it as a spiritually potent observance.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by presenting a vrata aimed at mukti, it frames liberation as supported by disciplined ritual observance and correct timing, which are central themes in the Purana’s dharma teachings.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If undertaking a vow/ritual, emphasize proper timing (e.g., before sunrise) and disciplined observance, aligning spiritual aims (inner freedom) with ethical, structured practice.