Shloka 19

Nīti for Calamity, Wealth, Friendship, Charity, and Restraint of Kāma

सुहृत्स्वजनबन्धुर्न बुद्धिर्यस्य न चात्मनि / यस्मिन्कर्मणि सिद्धे ऽपि न दृश्येत फलोदयः / विपत्तौ च महद्दुःखं तद्वुधः कथमाचरेत्

suhṛtsvajanabandhurna buddhiryasya na cātmani / yasminkarmaṇi siddhe 'pi na dṛśyeta phalodayaḥ / vipattau ca mahadduḥkhaṃ tadvudhaḥ kathamācaret

หากผู้ใดไร้กัลยาณมิตร ไร้ญาติพี่น้องและสหาย ขาดปัญญาและความมั่นคงในอาตมัน และแม้ทำกิจสำเร็จแล้วก็ไม่เห็นผลบังเกิด—เมื่อเคราะห์ภัยมาและทุกข์ใหญ่เกิดขึ้น บัณฑิตพึงประพฤติอย่างไร?

सुहृत्a well-wisher/friend
सुहृत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; 'सुहृत्' = मित्र (friend)
स्वजनone's own people
स्वजन:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'one's own people/kinsmen'
बन्धुःrelative
बन्धुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)
बुद्धिःintelligence/discernment
बुद्धिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (of whom)
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
and
:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
आत्मनिin oneself
आत्मनि:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; अधिकरण (in oneself)
यस्मिन्in which
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; 'in which/where'
कर्मणिin an action/work
कर्मणि:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
सिद्धे(even) when accomplished
सिद्धे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसिद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √सिध् (धातु) + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) = 'when accomplished'
अपिeven/also
अपि:
Particle (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/अपवादार्थ (even/also)
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
दृश्येतwould be seen/appear
दृश्येत:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद/कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense): 'should be seen'
फलfruit/result
फल:
Qualifier (विशेषण-पूर्वपद)
TypeNoun
Rootफल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद (in compound)
उदयःarising/manifestation
उदयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउदय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'rising/manifestation'
फलोदयःmanifestation of results
फलोदयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootफल + उदय (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (फलस्य उदयः)
विपत्तौin calamity
विपत्तौ:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootविपद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
and
:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
महत्great
महत्:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'great' (qualifies दुःखम्)
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तद्that
तद्:
Anaphoric (संदर्भ)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'that' (refers to such a person/thing)
बुधःa wise person
बुधः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबुध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'wise man'
तद्बुधःsuch a wise person
तद्बुधः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् + बुध (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (तादृशः बुधः)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Manner (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
आचरेत्should act
आचरेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√चर् (धातु) उपसर्ग-आ
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद: 'should act/behave'

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Concept: When external supports (friends/kin) and inner supports (buddhi, ātma-niṣṭhā) are absent and results do not manifest, the wise must rely on discernment, patience, and right conduct in adversity.

Vedantic Theme: Antarātmā-āśraya (taking refuge in the Self) and karma-phala-anityatā (unpredictability/latency of results) prompting vairāgya and steadiness.

Application: Cultivate discernment and inner steadiness before crises; do not collapse when outcomes are delayed; seek wise counsel, simplify desires, and act without panic in calamity.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.109.20-23 (on place, wealth, and the after-effect of greed)

FAQs

This verse highlights that even completed actions may not show immediate results, urging patience and discernment rather than despair when outcomes are unseen.

By stressing karma’s sometimes unseen fruition, it supports the Garuda Purana’s broader view that consequences can manifest later—often in suffering or relief across time, including post-death states—so one should live wisely and ethically now.

Cultivate buddhi (clear judgment), avoid impulsive reactions when results are delayed, and respond to hardship with disciplined conduct and dharmic choices rather than blaming fate or abandoning effort.