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Shloka 58

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मचर्यं दया क्षान्तिर्ध्यानं सत्यमकल्कता / अहिंसा स्तेयमाधुर्ये दमश्चैते यमाः स्मृताः

Transliteration

brahmacaryaṃ dayā kṣāntirdhyānaṃ satyamakalkatā / ahiṃsā steyamādhurye damaścaite yamāḥ smṛtāḥ

Translation

พรหมจรรย์ เมตตา ขันติ การเพ่งฌาน ความสัตย์ ความบริสุทธิ์ไร้มลทิน อหิงสา ไม่ลักขโมย ความอ่อนหวานแห่งวาจาและความประพฤติ และการสำรวมอินทรีย์—สิ่งเหล่านี้เรียกว่า “ยมะ”.

Word by Word
ब्रह्मचर्यम्celibacy, brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचर्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (ब्रह्म + चर्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
दयाcompassion
दया:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
क्षान्तिःforbearance
क्षान्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
ध्यानम्meditation
ध्यानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootध्यान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
सत्यम्truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
अकल्कताspotlessness, purity
अकल्कता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअकल्कता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ + हिंसा), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
स्तेयम्non-stealing (absence of theft)
स्तेयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
माधुर्येsweetness, gentleness (twofold/dual form as transmitted)
माधुर्ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमाधुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), द्विवचन (dual) (as in text माधुर्ये)
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
एतेthese
एते:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying यमाः)
यमाःrestraints (yamas)
यमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
स्मृताःare said/are remembered as
स्मृताः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) / स्मृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) used predicatively; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Yamas as foundational restraints: brahmacarya, compassion, forbearance, meditation, truth, purity, non-violence, non-stealing, sweetness, and sense-control.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi (purification of mind) as prerequisite for higher knowledge and devotion.

Application: Adopt one yama at a time (e.g., ahiṃsā in speech, satya with kindness, asteya in time/attention) and track daily conduct.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105.59 (niyama list follows)

FAQs

This verse defines yamas as core ethical restraints—self-restraint, compassion, truth, purity, non-violence, and sense-control—presented as foundational dharma that steadies conduct and purifies karma.

By emphasizing moral restraint and inner discipline, it implies that the soul’s well-being and onward journey are supported by purified karma and controlled senses, rather than by mere outward acts.

Adopt daily truthfulness, non-harm, non-stealing, gentle speech, meditation, and sense-control as concrete vows; these directly refine character and reduce harmful karmic patterns.

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