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Shloka 47

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

विप्रे दण्डोद्यमे कृच्छ्रमतिकृच्छ्रं निपातने / देशं कालं वयः शक्तिं पापं चावेक्ष्य यत्नतः

Transliteration

vipre daṇḍodyame kṛcchramatikṛcchraṃ nipātane / deśaṃ kālaṃ vayaḥ śaktiṃ pāpaṃ cāvekṣya yatnataḥ

Translation

สำหรับพราหมณ์ เมื่อเพียงยกไม้ลงทัณฑ์ขึ้น ยังมิได้ฟาด ให้ทำการชดใช้บาปแบบ ‘กฤจฉระ’; แต่เมื่อได้ฟาดลงจริง ให้ทำแบบ ‘อติกฤจฉระ’ โดยพิจารณาอย่างรอบคอบถึงสถานที่ กาลเวลา วัย กำลัง และลักษณะของบาปนั้น

Word by Word
विप्रेO Brahmin
विप्रे:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8/सम्बोधन), एकवचन — Vocative singular
दण्डोद्यमेin the raising of the staff (for punishment)
दण्डोद्यमे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्यम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/सप्तमी), एकवचन — Locative singular; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दण्डस्य उद्यमः)
कृच्छ्रम्hardship; penance
कृच्छ्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular
अतिकृच्छ्रम्very severe penance
अतिकृच्छ्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + कृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular; समासः उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (अत्यन्तं कृच्छ्रम्)
निपातनेin the act of striking down; in causing a fall
निपातने:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनि + पत् (धातु) → निपातन (प्रातिपदिक, भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/सप्तमी), एकवचन — Locative singular
देशम्place
देशम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular
कालम्time
कालम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular
वयःage
वयः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular (वयः = वयसः)
शक्तिम्capacity; strength
शक्तिम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/द्वितीया), एकवचन — Accusative singular
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय — conjunction
अवेक्ष्यhaving considered
अवेक्ष्य:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअव + ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव — having considered/after observing
यत्नतःcarefully; with effort
यत्नतः:
Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय — adverb (यत्नतः = यत्नेन)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Prāyaścitta must be proportionate to act and circumstance; intention and degree of harm matter.

Vedantic Theme: Karma as moral causality governed by dharma; purification through regulated tapas.

Application: When correcting or punishing, assess context (place, time, age, strength) and severity; choose restorative, not excessive, atonement.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105 (Prāyaścitta/ācāra context)

Characters & Entities
B
Brāhmaṇa

FAQs

This verse shows that expiation is graded: even the intention or act of punishment toward a brāhmaṇa has defined penances, and the final prescription must be adjusted by context (place, time, age, capacity, and the specific sin).

It links the moral weight of an act to both the deed (raising the staff vs. striking) and the surrounding conditions, emphasizing careful discernment before deciding a penance.

Avoid impulsive harm and respond proportionately; if wrongdoing occurs, take responsibility through corrective discipline suited to one’s situation and the seriousness of the offence.

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