Shloka 53
प्रत्याहारवर्णनम्
Pratyāhāra—Cosmic Withdrawal / Dissolution Sequence
Devanagari script
इत्येषा तामसी वृत्तिर्भूतादीनां चतुर्विधा / सत्त्वस्थमात्रकं चित्तं यथासत्त्वं प्रदर्शनात्
Transliteration
ityeṣā tāmasī vṛttirbhūtādīnāṃ caturvidhā / sattvasthamātrakaṃ cittaṃ yathāsattvaṃ pradarśanāt
Translation
ดังนี้ กิริยาแห่งตมัสของภูตะทั้งหลายมีสี่ประการ จิตที่ตั้งมั่นในสัตตวะย่อมแสดงออกตามสัตตวะนั้น
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
eṣāthis (she/this one)
eṣā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
tāmasītamasic, of darkness
tāmasī:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasī (प्रातिपदिक) < tamas (तमस्)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying वृत्तिः
vṛttiḥmode, activity, function
vṛttiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
bhūta-ādīnāmof the beings and the rest (elements etc.)
bhūta-ādīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (भूत) + ādi (आदि) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter collective sense; Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: भूताः आदयः यस्य/येषाम्
caturvidhāfourfold
caturvidhā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatur (चतुर्) + vidhā (विधा) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); dvigu numeral compound qualifying वृत्तिः
sattva-stha-mātrakamconsisting merely of being established in sattva
sattva-stha-mātrakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsattva (सत्त्व) + stha (स्थ) + mātraka (मात्रक) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: सत्त्वे स्थितं मात्रकं (only/merely situated in sattva) qualifying चित्तम्
cittammind, consciousness
cittam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootcitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
yathā-sattvamaccording to (one’s) sattva
yathā-sattvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (यथा, अव्यय) + sattva (सत्त्व) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) used adverbially; indeclinable sense: 'according to sattva/as per the quality'
pradarśanātfrom/through demonstration
pradarśanāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpra + dṛś (दृश्) (धातु) → pradarśana (प्रदर्शन, प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन); 'from/through showing' (cause/source)