Shloka 4
यज्ञप्रवर्तनम् (Yajña-pravartana) — The Institution/Commencement of Sacrifice in Dvāpara
Devanagari script
यज्ञावधारणं दण्डो मदो दंभः क्षमा बलम् / एषा रजस्तमोयुक्ता प्रवृत्तिर्द्वापरे स्मृता
Transliteration
yajñāvadhāraṇaṃ daṇḍo mado daṃbhaḥ kṣamā balam / eṣā rajastamoyuktā pravṛttirdvāpare smṛtā
Translation
การกำหนดยัญพิธีเพียงเปลือกนอก การลงทัณฑ์ ความทะนง ความเสแสร้ง และความอดกลั้นที่อาศัยกำลัง—นี่คือความประพฤติในทวาปรยุค อันปนด้วยรชัสและตมัส
Word by Word
yajña-avadhāraṇamrestriction/limitation of sacrifice
yajña-avadhāraṇam:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य) in list
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक) + avadhāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) (yajñasya avadhāraṇam)
daṇḍaḥpunishment; coercion
daṇḍaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootdaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
madaḥpride; intoxication
madaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootmada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
daṃbhaḥhypocrisy; ostentation
daṃbhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootdaṃbha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
kṣamāforbearance; patience
kṣamā:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootkṣamā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
balamstrength
balam:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
eṣāthis (f.)
eṣā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
rajas-tamas-yuktāendowed with rajas and tamas
rajas-tamas-yuktā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of eṣā/pravṛttiḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक) + tamas (प्रातिपदिक) + yukta (कृदन्त from √yuj)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana; Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) with dvandva-like base 'rajas-tamas' + yukta; past passive participle (क्त) 'yukta' = 'joined with'
pravṛttiḥtendency; activity
pravṛttiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpravṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
dvāparein Dvāpara
dvāpare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Saptamī-vibhakti (7th/locative), Eka-vacana (singular)
smṛtāis said/remembered (as)
smṛtā:
Kriyā (क्रिया) / Predicative (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु) → smṛta (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormKṛdanta past passive participle (क्त), Strīliṅga, Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana; used predicatively with implied 'asti'