Brahma Purana — Sāṃkhya-Yoga on Discerning Guṇas, Overcoming Bodily Doṣas, and Attaining Mokṣa, Shloka 10
Devanagari script
सुखस्य च परं कालं विज्ञाय मुनिसत्तमाः प्राप्तकाले च यद् दुःखं पततां विषयैषिणाम् //
Translation
คาถาที่สิบ—การสดับฟังและการสรรเสริญก่อให้เกิดความบริสุทธิ์แห่งจิตใจ।
Word by Word
sukhasyaof happiness
sukhasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
paramultimate
param:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies kālam
kālamtime/period
kālam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vijñāyahaving known
vijñāya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootvi + jñā (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्ययकृदन्त)
muni-sattamāḥthe best of sages
muni-sattamāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: munīnām sattamāḥ ‘best among sages’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
prāpta-kālewhen the time has come
prāpta-kāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; locus/time)
TypeNoun
Rootprāpta (कृदन्त; √āp/āpnu ‘to obtain’) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: prāpte kāle); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
yatwhich/that
yat:
Karma/Predicate (कर्म/विशेष्य; correlates with duḥkham)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun
duḥkhamsuffering
duḥkham:
Karta/Subject (कर्ता; of implied verb ‘(bhavati)’/‘arises’)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
patatāmof those who fall
patatām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive)
TypeVerb
Rootpat (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन) used substantively
viṣaya-eṣiṇāmof object-seekers
viṣaya-eṣiṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣaya (प्रातिपदिक) + eṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: viṣayān eṣante ‘seekers of objects’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठī), Plural (बहुवचन)
Speaker
Didactic voice referencing ‘munisattamāḥ’ (exemplary sages) as knowers; audience implied as seekers/listeners.